{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:14:10Z","timestamp":1770419650877,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aimed to explain why individuals still tend to disclose their privacy information even when privacy risks are high and whether individuals disclose or withhold information following the same logic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study develops a configurational decision tree model (CDTM) for precisely understanding individuals' decision-making process of privacy disclosure. A survey of location-based social network service (LBSNS) users was conducted to collect data, and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was adopted to validate the hypotheses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper identified two configurations for high and low disclosure, respectively, and found that the benefits and the risks did not function independently but interdependently, and the justice would play a crucial role when both the benefits and the risks were high. Furthermore, the authors found that there were asymmetric mechanisms for high disclosure and low disclosure, and males focused more on perceived usefulness, while females concerned more about perceived enjoyment, privacy risks and perceived justice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper further extends privacy calculus model (PCM) and deepens the understanding of the privacy calculus process from a configurational perspective. In addition, this study also provides guidance for future research on how to adopt the configurational approach with qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to revise and improve relevant theories for information systems (IS) behavioral research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ajim-06-2021-0180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T08:10:13Z","timestamp":1642579813000},"page":"710-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Do individuals disclose or withhold information following the same logic: a configurational perspective of information disclosure in social media"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8753-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5477-6221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-1598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yafei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.54.2.442","article-title":"The economics of privacy","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040968","article-title":"Towards an understanding of inequity","volume":"67","year":"1963","journal-title":"The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1100.0335","article-title":"The digitization of healthcare: boundary risks, emotion, and consumer willingness to disclose personal health information","volume":"22","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2307\/25148669","article-title":"Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate","volume":"29","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mis Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.425","article-title":"Justice at the millennium: a meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research","volume":"86","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.10.1.104","article-title":"Information privacy concerns, procedural fairness, and impersonal trust: an empirical investigation","volume":"10","year":"1999","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1060.0080","article-title":"An extended privacy calculus model for E-commerce transactions","volume":"17","year":"2006","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2011.60263120","article-title":"Building better causal theories: a fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research","volume":"54","year":"2011","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iedeen.2016.04.002","article-title":"Privacy concerns and online purchasing behaviour: towards an integrated model","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Research on Management and Business Economics"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24369","article-title":"\u2018To protect my health or to protect my health privacy?\u2019 A mixed\u2010methods investigation of the privacy paradox","volume":"71","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2022060904453411600_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.01.030","article-title":"Social network migration and anonymity expectations: what anonymous social network apps offer","volume":"95","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref013","first-page":"39","article-title":"Examining help requests on social networking sites: integrating privacy perception and privacy calculus perspectives","volume":"39","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electronic Commerce Research and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.08.012","article-title":"\u2018To disclose or not to disclose, that is the question\u2019: a structural equation modeling approach to communication privacy management in e-health","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-12-2017-0783","article-title":"The role of personalization on continuance intention in food service mobile apps A privacy calculus perspective","volume":"31","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-012-0216-6","article-title":"Self-disclosure and privacy calculus on social networking sites: the role of culture intercultural dynamics of privacy calculus","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Business and Information Systems Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.01.017","article-title":"The role of affect and cognition on online consumers' decision to disclose personal information to unfamiliar online vendors","volume":"51","year":"2011","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref018","first-page":"8","article-title":"Examining individuals' adoption of healthcare wearable devices: an empirical study from privacy calculus perspective","volume":"88","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Informatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.01.049","article-title":"Understanding social network site users' privacy tool use","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.2307\/256809","article-title":"Configurational approaches to organizational analysis","volume":"36","year":"1993","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.05.005","article-title":"Impact of consumer empowerment on online trust: an examination across genders","volume":"54","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"key2022060904453411600_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2017.02.003","article-title":"To share and protect: using regulatory focus theory to examine the privacy paradox of consumers' social media engagement and online privacy protection behaviors","volume":"39","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670513513337","article-title":"When the recipe is more important than the ingredients","volume":"17","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref024","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA): guidelines for research practice in information systems and marketing","volume":"58","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Out of control \u2013 privacy calculus and the effect of perceived control and moral considerations on the usage of IoT healthcare devices","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"key2022060904453411600_ref026","volume-title":"Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and beyond, Bibliovault OAI Repository","year":"2008"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24374","article-title":"Risks, benefits, and control of information: two studies of smart electric meter privacy","volume":"71","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2022060904453411600_ref028","article-title":"Configurational comparative methods: qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2022060904453411600_ref029","volume-title":"Set-Theoretic Methods for the Social Sciences: A Guide to Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Strategies for Social Inquiry","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2022060904453411600_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.10.059","article-title":"Information disclosure on social networking sites: an intrinsic\u2013extrinsic motivation perspective","volume":"44","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2307\/25148854","article-title":"Internet users' information privacy-protective responses: a taxonomy and a nomological model","volume":"32","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mis Quarterly"},{"key":"key2022060904453411600_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.06.006","article-title":"Location information disclosure in location-based social network services: privacy calculus, benefit structure, and gender differences","volume":"52","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12052","article-title":"The 'privacy paradox' in the social web: the impact of privacy concerns, individual characteristics, and the perceived social relevance on different forms of self-disclosure","volume":"19","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24372","article-title":"Cultural factors and the role of privacy concerns in acceptance of government surveillance","volume":"71","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref035","first-page":"106","article-title":"The privacy calculus contextualized: the influence of affordances","volume":"104","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref036","first-page":"123","article-title":"In justice we trust: predicting user acceptance of E-customer services","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.11.4.342.11872","article-title":"Determinants of perceived ease of use: integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2016.03.003","article-title":"Intention to disclose personal information via mobile applications: a privacy calculus perspective","volume":"36","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-4560.00072","article-title":"Social and political dimensions of privacy","volume":"59","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670509335772","article-title":"Regulatory focus theory, trust, and privacy concern","volume":"12","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Service Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24113","article-title":"The privacy paradox in the context of online social networking: a self-identity perspective","volume":"70","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222260305","article-title":"The role of push-pull technology in privacy calculus: the case of location-based services","volume":"26","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2753\/JEC1086-4415160403","article-title":"Disclosure intention of location-related information in location-based social network services","volume":"16","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Commerce"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-011-9311-3","article-title":"Examining continuous usage of location-based services from the perspective of perceived justice","volume":"15","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Systems Frontiers: A Journal of Research and Innovation"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666915622980","article-title":"The effect of perceived justice on LBS users' privacy concern","volume":"32","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2022060904453411600_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2016.10.001","article-title":"Privacy calculus and its utility for personalization services in e-commerce: an analysis of consumer decision-making","volume":"54","year":"2017","journal-title":"Information and Management"}],"container-title":["Aslib Journal of Information Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/AJIM-06-2021-0180\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/AJIM-06-2021-0180\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:00:54Z","timestamp":1753398054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article\/74\/4\/710-726\/60656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/AJIM-06-2021-0180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ajim-06-2021-0180","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3806","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]}}}