{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:34:22Z","timestamp":1764174862862,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The open science movement calls for transparent and retraceable research processes. While infrastructures to support these practices in qualitative research are lacking, the design needs to consider different approaches and workflows. The paper bases on the definition of ontologies as shared conceptualizations of knowledge (Borst, 1999). The authors argue that participatory design is a good way to create these shared conceptualizations by giving domain experts and future users a voice in the design process via interviews, workshops and observations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents a novel approach for creating ontologies in the field of open science using participatory design. As a case study the creation of an ontology for qualitative coding schemas is presented. Coding schemas are an important result of qualitative research, and reuse can yield great potential for open science making qualitative research more transparent, enhance sharing of coding schemas and teaching of qualitative methods. The participatory design process consisted of three parts: a requirement analysis using interviews and an observation, a design phase accompanied by interviews and an evaluation phase based on user tests as well as interviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The research showed several positive outcomes due to participatory design: higher commitment of users, mutual learning, high quality feedback and better quality of the ontology. However, there are two obstacles in this approach: First, contradictive answers by the interviewees, which needs to be balanced; second, this approach takes more time due to interview planning and analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The implication of the paper is in the long run to decentralize the design of open science infrastructures and to involve parties affected on several levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>In ontology design, several methods exist by using user-centered design or participatory design doing workshops. In this paper, the authors outline the potentials for participatory design using mainly interviews in creating an ontology for open science. The authors focus on close contact to researchers in order to build the ontology upon the expert's knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ajim-11-2019-0320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T08:31:09Z","timestamp":1597653069000},"page":"671-685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Participatory design for ontologies: a case study of an open science ontology for qualitative coding schemas"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3417-9486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Hocker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Rittberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"volume-title":"Towards an open research knowledge graph (Version 1)","year":"2018","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.1157185"},{"volume-title":"Construction of Engineering Ontologies for Knowledge Sharing and Reuse","year":"1999","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref002"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref003","article-title":"The digital future is now: a call to action for the humanities","volume":"3","year":"2009","journal-title":"Digital Humanities Quarterly"},{"issue":"13","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref004","first-page":"61","article-title":"Current issues in qualitative data analysis software (QDAS): a user and developer perspective","volume":"23","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qualitative Report"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23480","article-title":"Social scientists' satisfaction with data reuse","volume":"67","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2020111204340848300_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fecher, B. and Friesike, S. (2014), \u201cOpen science: one term, five schools of thought\u201d, in Opening Science, Springer, Cham, pp. 17-47.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-00026-8_2"},{"volume-title":"Methontology: From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering","year":"1997","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref007"},{"volume-title":"Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence","year":"1987","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref008"},{"volume-title":"Experteninterviews und qualitative Inhaltsanalyse","year":"2010","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref009"},{"volume-title":"The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Strategies for Qualitative Research","year":"1967","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref010"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref011","first-page":"62","article-title":"Scandinavian approaches to participatory design","volume":"19","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Education"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1995.1081","article-title":"Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing?","volume":"43","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"key2020111204340848300_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guarino, N., Oberle, D. and Staab, S. (2009), \u201cWhat is an ontology?\u201d, in Handbook on Ontologies, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1-17.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92673-3_0"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1515\/iwp-2015-0058","article-title":"Zwischen Beobachtung und Partizipation\u2013nutzerzentrierte Methoden f\u00fcr eine Bedarfsanalyse in der digitalen Geschichtswissenschaft","volume":"66","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information-Wissenschaft and Praxis"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24065","article-title":"User\u2010Centered evaluation of metadata schema for nonmovable cultural heritage: murals and stone cave temples","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"first-page":"63","article-title":"User required? On the value of user research in the digital humanities","year":"2015","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref016"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"C-DOM: a structured co-design framework methodology for ontology design and development","year":"2018","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref017"},{"volume-title":"Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Methoden, Praxis, Computerunterst\u00fctzung","year":"2018","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref018"},{"volume-title":"Informationsmarkt: Chancen und Risiken der Kommerzialisierung von Wissen","year":"1995","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref019"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref020","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Architecture for clinical decision support system (CDSS) using high risk pregnancy ontology","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(02)00043-5","article-title":"AIMQ: a methodology for information quality assessment","volume":"40","year":"2002","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"edition":"12th ed.","volume-title":"Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken","year":"2015","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref022"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3233\/ISU-170824","article-title":"Cloudy, increasingly FAIR; revisiting the FAIR data guiding principles for the European open science cloud","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"Information Services and Use"},{"key":"key2020111204340848300_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muller, M.J. (2007), \u201cParticipatory design: the third space in HCI\u201d, in The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 1087-1108.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781410615862.ch54"},{"key":"key2020111204340848300_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5220\/0003654700810090","article-title":"Participatory design of a continuous care ontology-towards a user-driven ontology engineering methodology","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knowledge Engineering and Ontology"},{"key":"key2020111204340848300_ref026","unstructured":"Palavitsinis, N. (2014), \u201cMetadata quality issues in learning repositories\u201d, available at: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10017\/20664."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1515\/iwp-2015-0057","article-title":"Das experteninterview als zentrale methode der Wissensmodellierung in den digital humanities","volume":"66","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information-Wissenschaft and Praxis"},{"key":"key2020111204340848300_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabou, M. and Fernandez, M. (2012), \u201cOntology (network) evaluation\u201d, in Ontology Engineering in a Networked World, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 193-212.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24794-1_9"},{"volume-title":"The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers","year":"2015","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref029"},{"volume-title":"Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice","year":"2012","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref030"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1515\/zfsoz-2018-1006","article-title":"G\u00fctekriterien qualitativer sozialforschung. Ein diskussionsansto\u00df","volume":"47","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Soziologie"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(97)00056-6","article-title":"Knowledge engineering: principles and methods","volume":"25","year":"1998","journal-title":"Data and Knowledge Engineering"},{"key":"key2020111204340848300_ref033","unstructured":"Tan, H., Adlemo, A., Tarasov, V. and Johansson, M.E. (2017), \u201cEvaluation of an application ontology\u201d, in Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2017 Episode 3: The Tyrolean Autumn of Ontology Bozen-Bolzano, September 21\u201323, 2017, Vol. 2050, CEUR-WS."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888998001088","article-title":"The enterprise ontology","volume":"13","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Knowledge Engineering Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studying users in digital humanities","volume":"17","year":"2012","journal-title":"Digital Humanities in Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1996.11518099","article-title":"Beyond accuracy: what data quality means to data consumers","volume":"12","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020111204340848300_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20839","article-title":"A user\u2010centered functional metadata evaluation of moving image collections","volume":"59","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"}],"container-title":["Aslib Journal of Information Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/AJIM-11-2019-0320\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/AJIM-11-2019-0320\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:01:26Z","timestamp":1753398086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article\/72\/4\/671-685\/39298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/AJIM-11-2019-0320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ajim-11-2019-0320","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3806"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-3806"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]}}}