{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:35:02Z","timestamp":1761197702996,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BPMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to propose and validate the process of parent teacher meeting in private schools through applying BPM life-cycle approach and using quality tools to fill the gap of standardized practices for parent teacher meeting (PTM).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>BPM life-cycle approach (Dumas et al., 2013) was used and two focus groups were conducted at first and second stage. The recommendations of previous studies for third, fourth and fifth stage of BPM and quality tools like SIPOC chart, responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) and CTQ trees were used for process management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The previous studies reveal that, in developing countries, most of the private schools are not fully aware from the benefits of PTM. Beside, where the evidence of PTM is seen in few instances, no standardized process is available to conduct an effective PTM process. Owing to long-term sustainability and reciprocate economic benefits, school management is desired to have a standardized PTM process for an effective all-round performance. Likewise, the parents have a lot of expectations from schools and they want to be treated in a mannered way in which their complaints are formally addressed from the school management. The authors formulated all three phases from start to end process. The proposed process is validated in four private schools and got satisfactory results in terms of increased parents\u2019 participation and decreased number of complaints.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This process will facilitate school managers to deal with parents effectively, collect the data from PTM, analyze it and use for the continuous improvement. Implementation of this process will ensure better meeting environment for the parents as well as for the teachers. The study bridges between quality management tools and BPM approach to improve the state of art of BPM practices that will lead to generate a trend of application of quality tools and management theories in private schooling industry.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors first time used BPM life-cycle approach to manage the process of PTM in private schools. The authors design a process to match the working of schools and the application of desired quality tools.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/bpmj-01-2019-0030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T06:54:25Z","timestamp":1569221665000},"page":"528-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving parent teacher meeting process through business process management life-cycle approach"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Fazal","family":"Elahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Raza","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1108\/09576060210436669","article-title":"Implementing strategies successfully","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"Integrated Manufacturing Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1108\/14637150510578719","article-title":"Developing and evaluating a methodology for business process improvement","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref003","first-page":"26","article-title":"The Gmuend Model for teacher-parent conferences \u2013 application and evaluation of a teacher communication training","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal for Educational Research Online"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref004","first-page":"143","article-title":"Schooling in Pakistan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Going to School in South Asia"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1108\/14637159910249108","article-title":"BPR implementation process: an analysis of key success and failure factors","volume":"5","year":"1999","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.100.5.311-323","article-title":"Parent involvement in education: toward an understanding of parents\u2019 decision making","volume":"100","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1086\/588796","article-title":"A dime a day: the possibilities and limits of private schooling in Pakistan","volume":"52","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comparative Education Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.30541\/v42i1pp.1-28","article-title":"Production of cognitive and life skills in public, private, and NGO schools in Pakistan","volume":"42","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pakistan Development Review"},{"year":"2009","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref009","article-title":"Means of achieving business process management success factors"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Education reform in Pakistan: this time it\u2019s going to be different","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pakistan Education Task Force"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref011","unstructured":"Barrera-Osorio, F. and Raju, D. (2011), \u201cEvaluating public per-student subsidies to low-cost private schools: regression-discontinuity evidence from Pakistan\u201d, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5638."},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref012","first-page":"101","article-title":"Parents as partners: genuine progress or empty rhetoric?","volume":"1993","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parents and Schools"},{"volume-title":"Process Management: A Guide for the Design of Business Processes","year":"2013","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref013"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2004.06.004","article-title":"Using an expert panel to validate a requirements process improvement model","volume":"76","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1080\/00131911.2017.1410107","article-title":"Cooperation, conflict and control: parent\u2013teacher relationships in an English secondary school","volume":"70","year":"2018","journal-title":"Educational Review"},{"volume-title":"A Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge","year":"2009","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref016"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/npr.20019","article-title":"Six sigma helps a company create a culture of accountability","volume":"23","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Excellence"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1086\/208856","article-title":"Designing research for application","volume":"8","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"year":"1997","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref019","article-title":"Significance of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) sector in Pakistan and assessment of its employment potential"},{"year":"2016","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref020","article-title":"Quality management tools: managing quality 6e: an essential guide and resource gateway"},{"volume-title":"Process Innovation: Reengineering Work Through Information Technology","year":"1993","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref021"},{"year":"1990","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref022","article-title":"The new industrial engineering: information technology and business process redesign"},{"volume-title":"Let me Paint you a Picture: Utilizing Visualizations to Make Data More Accessible: Building Capacity in Institutional Research and Decision Support in Higher Education","year":"2018","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref023"},{"volume-title":"Fundamentals of Business Process Management","year":"2013","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref024"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1109\/17.387274","article-title":"Business process management: survey and methodology","volume":"42","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/02607476.2018.1465669","article-title":"School, family, and community partnerships in teachers\u2019 professional work","volume":"44","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Education for Teaching"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1086\/461656","article-title":"School programs and teacher practices of parent involvement in inner-city elementary and middle schools","volume":"91","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Elementary School Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajtas.20160501.11","article-title":"Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009048817385","article-title":"Parental involvement and students\u2019 academic achievement: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","year":"2001","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1108\/02756660310508164","article-title":"The genius is in the implementation","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Business Strategy"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/10474412.2016.1220862","article-title":"Improving prospective teachers\u2019 counseling competence in parent-teacher talks: effects of training and feedback","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034310396611","article-title":"Parent involvement at school entry: a national examination of group differences and achievement","volume":"32","year":"2011","journal-title":"School Psychology International"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.3.532","article-title":"Parents\u2019 motivations for involvement in children\u2019s education: an empirical test of a theoretical model of parental involvement","volume":"99","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-014-9423-4","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 motivation for involvement in their children\u2019s schooling: mechanisms and outcomes","volume":"39","year":"2015","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903","article-title":"How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability","volume":"18","year":"2006","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"volume-title":"Business Process Reengineering","year":"1993","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref036"},{"volume-title":"Total Improvement Management: The Next Generation in Performance Improvement","year":"1995","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref037"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref038","article-title":"Leadership competencies of school principals: the case of urban and rural private schools in Pakistan","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Management Studies"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref039","first-page":"159","article-title":"The efficiency of the educational institutes in Pakistan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Data Envelopment Analysis and Performance Measurement: Recent"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701444322","article-title":"Developmental commentary: ecological perspectives on parental influences during adolescence","volume":"36","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref041","unstructured":"Holldampf, D., Aich, G., Jakob, T. and Behr, M. (2008), \u201cThe use of the person-centered approach for parent-teacher communication: a qualitative study\u201d, in Behr, M. and Cornelius-White, J. (Eds), Person-Centered Work with Children, Adolescents and Parents, PCCS Books, Ross-on-Wye."},{"year":"2006","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref042","article-title":"Major issues in business process management: an Australian perspective"},{"volume-title":"Private Sector Education in Pakistan: Mapping and Musing, Islamabad","year":"2010","author":"I-SAPS","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref043"},{"volume-title":"Business Process Management: Practical Guidelines to Successful Implementations","year":"2008","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref044"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref045","first-page":"241","article-title":"Parental involvement and student achievement: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Family Involvement Research Digest"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref046","first-page":"55","article-title":"Business process change: a study of methodologies, techniques, and tools","year":"1997","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/01626620.2018.1424658","article-title":"The practice of partnering: simulated parent\u2013teacher conferences as a tool for teacher education","volume":"40","year":"2018","journal-title":"Action in Teacher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/kpm.238","article-title":"Managing organizations through a process-based perspective: its challenges and benefits","volume":"12","year":"2005","journal-title":"Knowledge and Process Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref049","article-title":"Parent-teacher conferences","volume":"40","year":"2017","journal-title":"Focus on Exceptional Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1108\/14637159810224322","article-title":"Business process management: a review and evaluation","volume":"4","year":"1998","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4972(01)00075-X","article-title":"Implementation research: state of the art and future directions","volume":"22","year":"2002","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"volume-title":"Counseling \u2013 Eine Einfuhrung in Beratung","year":"2004","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref052"},{"issue":"16","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2013.832821","article-title":"End-to-end process management: implications for theory and practice","volume":"25","year":"2014","journal-title":"Production Planning & Control"},{"journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal","article-title":"Identifying do\u2019s and don\u2019ts using the integrated business process management framework","year":"2018","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref053"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2304\/ciec.2009.10.2.122","article-title":"The parent\u2013teacher conference in the Swedish preschool: a study of an ongoing process as a \u2018pocket of local order","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muller, C. (2018), \u201cParent involvement and academic achievement: an analysis of family resources available to the child\u201d, Parents, their Children, and Schools, Routledge, pp. 77-114.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429498497-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref056","first-page":"46","article-title":"Education, religion and the creation of subject: different educational systems of Pakistan","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1108\/00251740310499555","article-title":"A framework to implement strategies in organizations","volume":"41","year":"2003","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2010.55","article-title":"Memorandum on design-oriented information systems research","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref059","first-page":"148","article-title":"The horizontal organization","volume":"1","year":"1992","journal-title":"The McKinsey Quarterly"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2013.08.010","article-title":"Convenience samples of college students and research reproducibility","volume":"67","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000001264","article-title":"Manufacturing audit in the process of strategy formulation","volume":"10","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations & Production Management"},{"volume-title":"The Six Sigma Handbook","year":"2014","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref062"},{"volume-title":"Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers","year":"2013","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref063"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosemann, M. and Brocke, J.V. (2015), \u201cThe six core elements of business process management\u201d, Handbook on Business Process Management, Vol. 1, Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45100-3_5"},{"volume-title":"Elternarbeit. Gestaltungsm\u00f6glichkeiten und Grundlagen fur alle Schularten","year":"2008","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref065"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770180211","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative research","volume":"18","year":"1995","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref067","first-page":"208","article-title":"An in-depth analysis of women\u2019s labor force participation in Pakistan","volume":"15","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref068","first-page":"171","article-title":"Increasing the generalizability of qualitative research","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Qualitative Researcher\u2019s Companion"},{"volume-title":"Qualitative Research","year":"2016","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref069"},{"year":"2001","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref070","article-title":"Investing for growth and poverty reduction: institutions and people"},{"volume-title":"Business Process Re-engineering: A Practical Handbook for Executives","year":"1994","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref071"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2009.07.003","article-title":"The critical success factors of business process management","volume":"30","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2012.05.011","article-title":"Increasing process orientation with business process management: critical practices","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2020030509312268400_ref074","first-page":"27","article-title":"Willingness to pay for primary education in rural Pakistan","volume":"1","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Pakistan Development Review"},{"year":"2016","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref075","article-title":"The emergence and structuring of the global education industry: towards an analytical framework"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-06-2013-0074","article-title":"Ten principles of good business process management","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"volume-title":"Ontological Foundations of Information Systems","year":"1997","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref077"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/09645290600777550","article-title":"How does teacher quality matter? The effect of teacher\u2013parent partnership on early childhood performance in public and private schools","volume":"14","year":"2006","journal-title":"Education Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1108\/14637159710161585","article-title":"Business process management: a boundary less approach to modern competitiveness","volume":"3","year":"1997","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020030509312268400_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1108\/14637159510798248","article-title":"Business process re-engineering and process management: a survey of current practice and future trends in integrated management","volume":"1","year":"1995","journal-title":"Business Process Re-Engineering & Management Journal"}],"container-title":["Business Process Management Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/BPMJ-01-2019-0030\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/BPMJ-01-2019-0030\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:14:14Z","timestamp":1753398854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/bpmj\/article\/26\/2\/528-547\/257814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/BPMJ-01-2019-0030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/bpmj-01-2019-0030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-7154"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1463-7154"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]}}}