{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T19:27:34Z","timestamp":1781206054619,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BPMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to identify factors affecting agile supply chain and evaluate the effect of these factors on profitability. To that end, after reviewing the theoretical foundations of this field, the authors identified the factors affecting supply chain agility and profitability and provided an appropriate conceptual model to measure and verify this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 48-item questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 270 members of staff and managers of the company from which 240 questionnaire were completed and returned. The response rate was 88 percent. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 37 indicators were selected and redundant questions were excluded. Results were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique, and the relationships between factors were obtained and the impact of each supply chain agility factor on profitability was determined and prioritized.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Through EFA, the indicators related to each supply chain agility factor and profitability were extracted and using the literature, supply chain agility indicators were classified in four factors of speed, responsiveness, competency and flexibility and the indicators related to profitability in one factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted accordingly. The CFA results showed that all four factors are significantly associated with profitability, and flexibility has the greatest impact on profitability, and speed has minimal impact on profitability.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As this study has been done in the context of Iran, cautious should be taken to generalize the results.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Other studies have examined the effect of agility on business performance and the relationship between them but this study, by providing a comprehensive set of supply chain agility evaluation criteria and indicators and considering all its dimensions, intends to identify the factors affecting supply chain agility and evaluate and determine the effects of these factors on profitability and examine if supply chain agility affects profitability.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/bpmj-05-2016-0089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T07:24:33Z","timestamp":1500276273000},"page":"1064-1082","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Effects of supply chain agility on profitability"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Abdoli Bidhandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changiz","family":"Valmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2005.12.004","article-title":"Modeling agility of supply chain","volume":"36","year":"2007","journal-title":"Industrial Marketing Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-6423(14)70602-9","article-title":"The effects of some risk factors in the supply chains performance: a case of study","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"The design of supply chain agility model: interpretive- structural modeling approach","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Sciences MODARES"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2006.09.019","article-title":"The design and operation of distribution centres within agile supply chains","volume":"111","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1108\/09574099910806003","article-title":"Virtual teaming in the agile supply chain","volume":"10","year":"1999","journal-title":"The International Journal of Logistics Management"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref006","volume-title":"SPSS for Psychologists: A Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref007","article-title":"Antecedents of supply chain agility: an empirical investigation","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref008","volume-title":"The Essentials of Factor Analysis","year":"1990","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-8501(99)00110-8","article-title":"The agile supply chain: competing in volatile markets","volume":"29","year":"2000","journal-title":"Industrial Marketing Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1108\/09600030110394914","article-title":"An integrated model for the design of agile supply chains","volume":"31","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref011","first-page":"33","article-title":"Logistics research methods: employing structural equation modeling to test for construct validity","volume":"20","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Business Logistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5273(03)00004-5","article-title":"Analysis of the structural measures of flexibility and agility using a measurement theoretical framework","volume":"86","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref013","article-title":"Performance outcomes of supply chain agility: When should you be agile?","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Operations Management"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref014","volume-title":"Agile Competitors and Virtual Organizations: Strategies for Enriching the Customer","year":"1995"},{"issue":"Part A","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref015","first-page":"125","article-title":"Total JIT (T-JIT) and its impact on supply chain competency and organizational performance","volume":"147","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref016","first-page":"76","article-title":"Issues and procedures in adopting structural equation modeling technique","volume":"3","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570110358495","article-title":"Measuring agile capabilities in the supply chain","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations & Production Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124183011003003","article-title":"The analysis of covariance structures goodness-of-fit indices","volume":"11","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570510605063","article-title":"The three dimensions of responsiveness","volume":"25","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations & Production Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref020","first-page":"73","article-title":"Designing customer profitability model fororganizations: case study of electronic industry in Iran","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Management Researches in Iran"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1108\/09600030610677384","article-title":"A balanced approach to building agile supply chainsnull","volume":"36","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM1001_6","article-title":"Revisiting sample size and number of parameter estimates: some support for the N: q hypothesis","volume":"10","year":"2003","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref023","volume-title":"Introduction to Organizational Agility and Agile Manufacturing","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref024","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling","year":"2011","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570710719089","article-title":"The impact of supply chain management practices on performance of SMEs","volume":"107","year":"2007","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"issue":"1\/3","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref026","first-page":"147","article-title":"Integrated decision modelling of supply chain efficiency","volume":"59","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2004.11.013","article-title":"Agility index in the supply chain","volume":"100","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref028","first-page":"197","article-title":"Study on multi-agent-based agile supply chain management","volume":"23","year":"2004","journal-title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(01)00301-0","article-title":"Statistical power and structural equation models in business research","volume":"57","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1108\/14654650010312606","article-title":"Engineering the leagile supply chain","volume":"2","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Agile Management Systems"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref031","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis with SPSS","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570110390507","article-title":"International supply chain agility tradeoffs between flexibility and uncertainty","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations and Production Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-08-2015-0328","article-title":"The impact of ambidexterity on supply chain flexibility fit","volume":"21","year":"2016","journal-title":"Supply Chain Management: An International Journal"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.11.002","article-title":"Developing a practical evaluation framework for identifying critical factors to achieve supply chain agility","volume":"62","year":"2015","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.99.6.323-338","article-title":"Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: a review","volume":"99","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2005.05.001","article-title":"Use of structural equation modeling in operations management research: looking back and forward","volume":"24","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Operations Management"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5273(98)00217-5","article-title":"A methodology for achieving agility in manufacturing organizations: an introduction","volume":"62","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.5267\/j.msl.2015.4.001","article-title":"Responsive supply chain: modeling and simulation","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Management Science Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3200\/JEXE.74.3.267-288","article-title":"The search for \u2018optimal\u2019 cutoff properties: fit index criteria in structural equation modeling","volume":"74","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1108\/JMTM-08-2015-0059","article-title":"Path analysis for proposed framework of SCM excellence in Indian manufacturing industry","volume":"27","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1108\/09600030910996323","article-title":"Developing a consensus definition of supply chain management: a qualitative study","volume":"39","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5273(03)00109-9","article-title":"The strategic integration of agile and lean supply","volume":"85","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref057","author":"Supply-Chain Council","year":"2006"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1108\/09600030110408152","article-title":"Perceived trust towards suppliers and customers in supply chains of the Swedish automotive industry","volume":"31","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2005.05.002","article-title":"The antecedents of supply chain agility of a firm: scale development and model testing","volume":"24","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Operations Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2008.09.002","article-title":"Achieving supply chain agility through IT integration and flexibility","volume":"116","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Dynamic capabilities and strategic management","volume":"18","year":"1997","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4485(99)00094-9","article-title":"Virtual situation rooms: connecting people across enterprises for supply-chain agility","volume":"32","year":"2000","journal-title":"Computer-Aided Design"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1108\/JM2-01-2014-0004","article-title":"Information technology is an enabling factor affecting supply chain performance in Indian SMEs: a structural equation modelling approach","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Modelling in Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-06-2015-0237","article-title":"Embracing supply chain agility: an investigation in the electronics industry","volume":"21","year":"2016","journal-title":"Supply Chain Management: An International Journal"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.87.159","article-title":"Investigating mass customization implementation in iranian manufacturing organizations","volume":"87","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied Mechanics and Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref049","first-page":"36","article-title":"Investigating supply chain management practices in Iranian manufacturing organizations","volume":"6","year":"2013","journal-title":"Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1177\/00131640121971518","article-title":"Confirmatory Analysis Of Exploratively Obtained Factor Structures","volume":"61","year":"2001","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2013.12.018","article-title":"Supply chain agility: securing performance for chinese manufacturers","volume":"150","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"key2020120521075470000_ref052","unstructured":"Yuh-Chuan, S. and Ching-Torng, L. (2002), \u201cAgility index of manufacturing firm-a fuzzy-logic-based approach\u201d, paper presented at the Engineering Management Conference, IEMC \u201902, IEEE International, Cambridge, MA."},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref053","first-page":"33","article-title":"Agile manufacturing: the drivers, concepts and attributes","volume":"62","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2020120521075470000_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570110358468","article-title":"Performance measures and metrics in a supply chain environment","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations & Production Management"}],"container-title":["Business Process Management Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/BPMJ-05-2016-0089\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/BPMJ-05-2016-0089\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:15:04Z","timestamp":1753398904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/bpmj\/article\/23\/5\/1064-1082\/258705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/BPMJ-05-2016-0089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/bpmj-05-2016-0089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-7154"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-7154","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]}}}