{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:49:34Z","timestamp":1762508974282,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BPMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the multitude of publications concerning the process maturity assessment models applied in the private sector, the matter of the choice of a process maturity assessment model is not so unambiguous in the public sector. The goal of this article is to identify process maturity assessment models applicable to the public sector.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Literature review, enabling identification of process maturity assessment models applicable to the public sector. Comparative analysis, making it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the selected maturity assessment models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Models enabling assessment of process maturity and e-government maturity applicable to the public sector have been identified. Potential benefits and limitations specific to the analysed models have been established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The publication indicates which process maturity assessment models can be successfully applied in the public sector. As such, it provides important support for the public sector in the decision-making process concerning the choice and implementation of a specific process maturity assessment model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is one of the few study which refers to a comprehensive review and analysis of process maturity assessment models applicable to the public sector. As the relevant contribution, it clarifies the relationships and differences between process and e-government maturity assessment models. This study provides important aid to both practitioners and theorists in terms of the selection of a process maturity assessment model against specific research needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/bpmj-09-2022-0420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T04:51:56Z","timestamp":1681879916000},"page":"911-928","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative analysis of selected process maturity assessment models applied in the public sector"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-8778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"G\u0119bczy\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1616-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katya","family":"Vladova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref001","unstructured":"Ahrend, N. (2014), \u201cOpportunities and limitations of BPM initiatives in public administrations across levels and institutions\u201d, available at: https:\/\/edoc.hu-berlin.de\/bitstream\/handle\/18452\/17592\/ahrend.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed 15 February 2022)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1504\/EG.2022.10040036","article-title":"Analyzing e-Government maturity models","volume":"19","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronic Government, an International Journal"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-137-3-205","article-title":"Maturity models in the age of digital diversity: beyond the Layne & Lee legacy","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innovation and the Public Sector"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref003","unstructured":"Bouckaert, G. (2009), \u201cChanging world, changing public administration: New European trends\u201d, p. 8, available at: http:\/\/www.kszk.gov.hu\/data\/cms40447\/program_angol_honlapra_20090421.doc (accessed 15 February 2022)."},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref004","unstructured":"Brajer-Marczak, R. and G\u0119bczy\u0144ska, A. (2020), \u201cProcess maturity models as tools for organisation improvement and development\u201d, in Soliman, K.S. (Ed.), Education Excellence and Innovation Management: A 2025 Vision to Sustain Economic Development during Global Challenges, International Business Information Management Association, pp.\u00a010260-10269, (IBIMA 35), ibima.org, 35 IBIMA Conference."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1515\/seeur-2015-0028","article-title":"Measuring e-Government maturity: a meta-synthesis approach","volume":"11","year":"2015","journal-title":"SEEU Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1108\/14637150510619902","article-title":"e-government adoption: architecture and barriers","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5121\/ijsea.2014.5306","article-title":"e-Government maturity models: a\u00a0comparative study","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Applications"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.17706\/jsw.10.7.805-824","article-title":"e-Government portals maturity models: a best practices' coverage perspective","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Software"},{"first-page":"11","volume-title":"Zarz\u0105dzanie Procesowe w Urz\u0119dach Gmin. Model Adaptacji Kryteri\u00f3w Dojrza\u0142o\u015bci Procesowej","year":"2016","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref009"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1515\/ngoe-2016-0007","article-title":"Does grade level matter for the assessment of business process management maturity?","volume":"62","year":"2016","journal-title":"Our Economy"},{"first-page":"788","article-title":"Business process management in the public sector: explored and future research fields","year":"2016","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref011"},{"volume-title":"Dojrza\u0142o\u015b\u0107 Procesowa Jednostek Samorz\u0105du Terytorialnego W Polsce a Realizacja Standard\u00f3w Kontroli Zarz\u0105dczej I Uzyskane Efekty","year":"2021","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref012"},{"journal-title":"Administrative Science","article-title":"Review of selected performance measurement models used in public administration","year":"2020","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref056"},{"volume-title":"Process Management Level in Local Government","year":"2018","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref013"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1108\/14637150210435017","article-title":"Business process management: public sector implications","volume":"8","year":"2002","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM.2016.7798068","volume-title":"Process Maturity Models for the Development of Mechatronic Products","year":"2016"},{"volume-title":"Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic Techniques","year":"2011","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref016"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEDEG48599.2020.9096697","article-title":"e-Government maturity models: more of the same?","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2991\/itmr.b.190417.001","article-title":"e-Governance maturity models: a meta-ethnographic study","volume":"8","year":"2019","journal-title":"The International Technology Management Review"},{"volume-title":"Kulturowe Uwarunkowania Dojrza\u0142o\u015bci Procesowej Urz\u0119d\u00f3w Miast","year":"2016","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref019"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci9040084","article-title":"Attributes of process maturity of public administration units in Poland","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Administrative Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2009.12.009","article-title":"10 year retrospect on stage models of e-Government: a qualitative meta-synthesis","volume":"27","year":"2010","journal-title":"Government Information Quarterly"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.18276\/frfu.2016.84\/1-10","article-title":"Ocena funkcjonowania kontroli zarz\u0105dczej w jednostkach samorz\u0105du terytorialnego przy wykorzystaniu metody PRI","volume":"84","year":"2016","journal-title":"Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2013.03.002","article-title":"Business process management capabilities in local governments: a multi-method study","volume":"30","year":"2013","journal-title":"Government Information Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1504\/EG.2016.076132","article-title":"e-governance and stage models: analysis of identified models and selected Eurasian experiences in digitising citizen service delivery","volume":"2","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electronic Government an International Journal"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref025","unstructured":"Nteo, M. (2017), \u201cAn investigation of business process maturity: a case study in a South African Parastatal (Dissertation)\u201d, University of Cape Town Mechanical Engineering Department, available at: https:\/\/open.uct.ac.za\/bitstream\/handle\/11427\/26946\/thesis_ebe_2017_nteo_maleho..pdf?sequen (accessed 25 July 2020)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-08-2018-0224","article-title":"Business process management maturity and performance: a multi group analysis of sectors and organization sizes","volume":"26","year":"2019","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12681\/jpentai.30872","article-title":"A review of the e-government maturity models: are they still relevant?","volume":"1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Politics and Ethics in New Technologies and AI"},{"first-page":"27","article-title":"Development of BPM capabilities \u2013 is maturity the right path?","year":"2011","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref028"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.12775\/aunc_ZarZ.2015.048","article-title":"Process management in Public administration","volume":"42","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.12775\/AUNC_ZARZ.2017.019","article-title":"Modele dojrza\u0142o\u015bci procesowej organizacji","volume":"44","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref031","first-page":"184","article-title":"Public sector reengineering: practice, problems and prospects","volume":"42","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philippine Journal of Public Administration"},{"journal-title":"BPTrends","article-title":"Application of a holistic model for determining bpm maturity","year":"2005","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref053"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref054","first-page":"299","article-title":"A model to measure business processmanagement maturity and improve performance","year":"2006","journal-title":"Business Process Management: Practical Guidelines to Successful Implementations"},{"volume-title":"Handbook on Business Process Management 1","year":"2010","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref057"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.2014.891498","article-title":"Information and communication technology in transition economies: an assessment of research trends","volume":"21","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Technology for Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-11-2018-0335","article-title":"Enabling continuous improvement in online teaching and learning through e-learning capability and maturity assessment","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"Comparative Application of a Business Process Maturity Model in the Public Sector","year":"2014","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref034"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2478\/manment-2018-0020","article-title":"A Model for evaluating strategic maturity of the local government","volume":"22","year":"2018","journal-title":"Management"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2016.01.010","article-title":"Business process maturity models: a systematic literature review","volume":"75","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information and Software Technology"},{"year":"2015","author":"The World Bank","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref051"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00460","article-title":"Evaluating business process maturity models","volume":"18","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref038","first-page":"28","article-title":"A critical analysis of e-government evaluation models at national and local municipal levels","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of e-Government"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwicker, J., Fettke, P. and Loos, P. (2010), \u201cBusiness process maturity in public administrations\u201d, in Brocke, J. and Rosemann, M. (Eds), Handbook on Business Process Management, ed. 2, Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, pp.\u00a0369-400.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01982-1_18"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref040","unstructured":"Abdulmula, A.B., Lusta, A. and Aktas, Y. (2017), \u201cThe five models for e-government\u201d, available at: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/316829778_The_Five_Models_for_E-Government (accessed 22 November 2022)."},{"first-page":"69","article-title":"Comparing and contrasting e-government maturity models: a qualitative-meta synthesis","year":"2016","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref041"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2005.11.008","article-title":"E-government maturity models: extension of the Layne and lee model","volume":"23","year":"2006","journal-title":"Government Information Quarterly"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref043","unstructured":"Bober, J. (2015), \u201cMetoda PRI jako narz\u0119dzie samooceny\u201d, in \u0106wiklicki, M. (Ed.), Kontrola Zarz\u0105dcza. Podstawowe Zagadnienia Kontroli Zarz\u0105dczej. Poradnik Dla Jednostek Samorz\u0105du Terytorialnego, MSAP UEK, Krak\u00f3w, pp.\u00a0163-181, ISBN 978-83-89410-67-2, available at: http:\/\/cwiklicki.uek.krakow.pl\/KZ_poradnik.pdf#page=163=Fit (accessed 10 December 2021)."},{"volume-title":"Modelling and Measuring Business Processes to Enhance Public Administration Performance. Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Value Chain in a Dynamic Environment","year":"2015","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref044"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEG.2012.049801","article-title":"An assessment of Jordan's e-government maturity: a user-centric perceptive","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronic Governance"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1504\/EG.2022.10040036","article-title":"Analyzing e-government maturity models","volume":"19","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronic Government, an International Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2019.02.001","article-title":"Reappraising maturity models in e-Government research: the trajectory-turning point theory","volume":"28","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Strategic Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref048","first-page":"325","article-title":"Possibilities of using the process management in public organisations for improving good governance","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Science"},{"first-page":"347","article-title":"The development of an IT governance maturity model for hard and soft governance","year":"2014","key":"key2023050606273824600_ref049"},{"key":"key2023050606273824600_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.28945\/104","article-title":"A methodology for increasing business process maturity in public sector","volume":"2","year":"2007","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management"}],"container-title":["Business Process Management Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/BPMJ-09-2022-0420\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/BPMJ-09-2022-0420\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:16:05Z","timestamp":1753398965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/bpmj\/article\/29\/3\/911-928\/258492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/BPMJ-09-2022-0420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/bpmj-09-2022-0420","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-7154"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1463-7154"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]}}}