{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T02:05:15Z","timestamp":1776737115580,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BPMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to verify and improve the framework assessing the evolution and importance of the technological, human, social and financial resources of an Indian research-based spin-off (RBSO) throughout its four stages of development by Vohora<jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>(2004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The open innovation (OI) phenomenon is spreading among public organizations. One of the OI practices used by the public research centers to market their technologies is to set up new business entities called RBSOs. Many studies have focused on spin-offs but there are still some gaps. To overcome the existing limitations, the authors built a framework which they tested on three previous case studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results obtained show how a parent organization and its incubator can play fundamental roles in creating and developing a successful RBSO. This is done by supplying managerial staff and providing access to skills, funds and other material and immaterial resources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The limitations of this study are related to the sectoral and geopolitical factors of the single case analyzed. For this reason, the observations that emerge should be supported by other empirical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this study can offer a better understanding of the spin-off life to managers, researchers, public organizations and government agencies. They can learn how to improve policies and practices of technology transfer and strengthen the national industrial system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/bpmj-10-2016-0208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]],"date-time":"2017-09-25T07:17:39Z","timestamp":1506323859000},"page":"1337-1358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Open innovation in the public sector"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Venturini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Verbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/818","article-title":"The government of India\u2019s role in promoting innovation through policy initiatives for entrepreneurship development","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technology Innovation Management Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2370.00069","article-title":"University-to-industry knowledge transfer: literature review and unanswered questions","volume":"3","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Management Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-011-9241-8","article-title":"Technology transfer offices and academic spin-off creation: the case of Italy","volume":"38","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020259522902","article-title":"Technological transfers from the European space programs: a dynamic view and comparison with other R&D projects","volume":"27","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206310391805","article-title":"The future of resource-based theory: revitalization or decline?","volume":"37","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"key":"key2020120422382975000_ref005","volume-title":"Bangalore Cluster: Evolution, Growth and Challenges","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2006.05.010","article-title":"Role of educational and R&D institution in city cluster: an explanatory study of Bangalore and Pune regions in India","volume":"35","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref007","first-page":"178","article-title":"Performance measurement of academic spin-off companies: lessons from Italy","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology Management and Innovation"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1108\/14637151011049412","article-title":"Open process innovation: the impact of personnel resource scarcity on the involvement of customers and consultants in public sector BPM","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2307\/256432","article-title":"Strategic change: the effect of founding and history","volume":"32","year":"1989","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref010","first-page":"15","article-title":"Collaborative innovation in the public sector","volume":"11","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Public Management Review"},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref011","first-page":"385","article-title":"University revenues from technology transfer: licensing fees vs equity positions","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.19030\/jabr.v29i6.8197","article-title":"Private and public sector innovation and the importance of cross-sector collaboration","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Business Research"},{"key":"key2020120422382975000_ref013","volume-title":"Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120422382975000_ref014","first-page":"16","article-title":"A fad or a phenomenon? 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