{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T23:48:58Z","timestamp":1773445738788,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims at developing a framework to investigate and analyze sustainable competitiveness in tourism destinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has a qualitative approach, and it has been conducted by use of a comprehensive literature review. First, the key concepts of the study such as destination competitiveness, sustainable development, stakeholders\u2019 attitude and performance and tourist loyalty were identified. Then, an integrative review was conducted on literature regarding the mentioned keywords. More related resources were selected and critically reviewed to explore gaps. For this purpose, a search was conducted at databases such as Emerald, Elsevier and ScienceDirect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>An appropriate framework for tourism sustainable development and, in particular, for its sustainable competitiveness, requires considering economic, sociocultural and ecological dimensions on the one hand, and considering all stakeholders participating in tourism process on the other hand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model suggested in this study can be applied by managers and policymakers in various destinations to investigate true competitiveness situation of their tourist destinations. It also can be theoretically a start point to raise further issues and studies on destination competitiveness by adopting a new sustainability approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>From reviewing previous studies, it is clear that most models developed on destination competitiveness only consider creation of competitiveness and destination\u2019s characteristics. In addition, a sustainability approach has rarely been considered in these studies. A model or a framework specially designed for evaluating and investigating sustainability of destination competitiveness has not been developed yet. In this sense, the proposed framework in this study is a new one. What differentiates this model with previous ones is the sustainability approach to the competitiveness and taking all stakeholders of the competition process into account.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/cr-12-2017-0086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T03:39:53Z","timestamp":1567395593000},"page":"314-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["An integrated model of destination sustainable competitiveness"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Nadalipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Imani Khoshkhoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdolreza Roknoddin","family":"Eftekhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2019092014354449000_ref01a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.07.284","article-title":"A framework for rural tourism destination management and marketing organisations","volume":"144","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019092014354449000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/004728759002900204","article-title":"Reversing the United States\u2019 declining competitiveness in the marketing of international tourism: a perspective on future policy","volume":"29","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Research"},{"key":"key2019092014354449000_ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding small tourism businesses: a perspective from Turkey","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2019092014354449000_ref003","first-page":"715e723","article-title":"The functional-psychological continuum n the, cognitive image of a destination: a confirmatory analysis","volume":"30","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"key2019092014354449000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2017.11.003","article-title":"International competitive advantages in tourism: an eclectic view","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tourism Management Perspectives"},{"key":"key2019092014354449000_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2017.10.011","article-title":"Understanding tourism loyalty: horizontal vs destination loyalty","volume":"65","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"key2019092014354449000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2017.05.008","article-title":"Destination competitiveness and tourism development in Russia: issues and challenges","volume":"62","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019092014354449000_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287512451135","article-title":"Differentiating competitiveness through tourism image assessment: an application to Andalusia (Spain)","volume":"52","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Research"},{"key":"key2019092014354449000_ref008","first-page":"221","article-title":"Sustainability and competitiveness of tourism","volume":"44","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"key2019092014354449000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/01490409109513138","article-title":"The usefulness of selected variables for predicting activity loyalty","volume":"13","year":"1991","journal-title":"Leisure Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019092014354449000_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1603(199603)2:1<1::AID-PTH19>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Can destination management systems provide competitive advantage? 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