{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T23:17:02Z","timestamp":1773962222279,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DLP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>\nThis paper aims to design the digital transformation model for university libraries based on the Delphi method using the Iranian public university libraries as the study case.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nDesign\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\nA qualitative approach and the Delphi method were used to conduct the current research. In total, 15 experts in the field of digital transformation of libraries were selected through targeted and snowball sampling. They were asked to complete and finalize items identified from previous research to design a digital transformation model for public university libraries in Iran during successive Delphi rounds. The Delphi method was completed after the third round, upon reaching a favorable consensus.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nFindings<\/jats:title>\nThe findings obtained from the research led to the presentation of the model in 7 main dimensions, 25 concepts and 139 components. Meanwhile, the concept of \u201cdata-centered\u201d and changing the concept of \u201coptimal reorganization of library resources\u201d to the concept of \u201cacquisitions and optimal reorganization of library resources\u201d are among the new achievements of this research. In addition, the components of \u201cpromoting data-oriented thinking in the decision-making of library managers,\u201d \u201cencouraging employees to use and analyze data\u201d and \u201cplanning to increase the digital literacy of librarians\u201d were added to the concept of \u201cdata-oriented\u201d; the components of \u201chaving knowledge of digital collection and its rules for the correct identification and evaluation of resources,\u201d \u201cfamiliarity with digital metadata standards and data transfer standards\u201d and \u201cfamiliarity with open access platforms\u201d were added to the concept of \u201clibrarian knowledge competencies\u201d; and the components of \u201cplanning, coordination,\u201d \u201cmonitoring and evaluating the progress of library digital transformation projects\u201d and \u201ccollaboration and networking with other academic library managers\u201d in the concept of \u201clibrary manager\u2019s management skills\u201d; the components of \u201cidentification of new digital formats and resources,\u201d \u201ccreation, preparation and accessibility of game scientific content and free in the library,\u201d \u201cupdating the resource organization policy with new organization concepts and rules\u201d and \u201cupdating the library collection development policy based on the information needs of users\u201d were added to the concept of \u201cacquisitions and optimal reorganization of library resources\u201d and \u201cWeb 2.0 technologies\u201d component were added to the concept of \u201cuse of digital technologies in the library.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nResearch limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\nThis study is limited to Iranian public university libraries, and the findings may not be directly transferable to other contexts. In addition, the Delphi method, while effective for expert consensus, relies on subjective opinions and may not fully capture the complexities of digital transformation. Future research could explore the implementation challenges of the proposed model and its long-term impact on library services and user satisfaction. Despite these limitations, the study offers a valuable foundation for digital transformation initiatives in Iranian university libraries and can inform policy decisions and resource allocation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nPractical implications<\/jats:title>\nThe proposed digital transformation model offers practical guidance for Iranian university libraries. By implementing the model, libraries can enhance their services through data-driven decision-making, improved resource management and the adoption of new technologies. Librarians can develop the necessary digital competencies to effectively manage digital collections and engage with users. In addition, the model emphasizes the importance of collaboration among library managers, fostering knowledge sharing and best practices. Ultimately, the practical application of this model can lead to more efficient, user-centered and innovative library services.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nSocial implications<\/jats:title>\nThe proposed digital transformation model for Iranian university libraries holds significant social implications. By enhancing access to information and resources, it can democratize knowledge and foster innovation. Increased digital literacy among librarians will equip them to better serve diverse user communities. However, equitable access to digital services must be ensured to prevent the widening of the digital divide. The model\u2019s focus on data-driven decision-making can improve resource allocation and user satisfaction. By promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing, libraries can become more central to their communities and contribute to regional development. Ultimately, the success of this model depends on addressing potential challenges such as privacy concerns, digital security and the need for ongoing training and support.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\nOriginality\/value<\/jats:title>\nThe proposed model, with its 7 main dimensions, 25 concepts and 139 components, provides a roadmap for enhancing library services, resource management and decision-making. By emphasizing data-centered approaches, promoting digital literacy among librarians and integrating Web 2.0 technologies, libraries can adapt to the evolving needs of users. Collaboration and networking with other academic library managers can foster knowledge exchange and collective problem-solving. By implementing the proposed model, libraries can adapt to changing user needs, enhance services and contribute to the academic community\u2019s success. However, implementing this model requires addressing challenges related to equity, privacy and accessibility, ensuring that all users benefit from the digital transformation. Overall, this research serves as a valuable resource for university library managers, guiding them toward effective digital adaptation and improved user experiences.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/dlp-06-2024-0100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:15:30Z","timestamp":1729124130000},"page":"45-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Designing the digital transformation model of public university libraries in Iran based on Delphi method"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Soheila","family":"Khoeini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Noruzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Naghshineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Sheikhshoaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2025012506554217500_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/1072303X.2021.1918602","article-title":"Awareness and perception of the artificial intelligence in the management of university libraries in Nigeria","volume":"29","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery and Electronic Reserve"},{"key":"key2025012506554217500_ref002","volume-title":"Gazing into the Oracle: The Delphi Method and Its Application to Social Policy and Public Health","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2025012506554217500_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/2320-317X.2020.00021.5","article-title":"Librarians\u2019 awareness, positive attitude and ICT skills: a panacea for effective services delivery in the fourth industrial revolution (4th IR) era in academic libraries in Southern Nigeria","volume":"40","year":"2020","journal-title":"Library of Progress-Library Science, Information Technology and Computer"},{"key":"key2025012506554217500_ref004","unstructured":"Alidosti, S. 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