{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:56:06Z","timestamp":1777038966376,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DLP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>In addition to instrumental assumptions, behavioural researchers suggest the study of individual traits such as personal innovativeness (PI), users\u2019 satisfaction and other theoretical beliefs for example quality and general usage patterns as the latent determinants of early and post-adoptions of technological innovations. In the context of Higher Education Commission digital library of Pakistan, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of PI, quality of digital resources and generic usability of digital libraries (DL) with users\u2019 satisfaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>To guide the conceptual model of this study, five hypothesized relationships were formulated. Adopting a quantitative approach, snowball sampling techniques were used. A total of 464 users of DL enrolled in different programs of study in the universities of Pakistan participated and responded to the survey. For data analyses, partial least squares, a method in the structural equation modeling was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>Analyses reveal positive and strong relationships of PI, quality of digital resources and generic usability of DL with users\u2019 satisfaction. Thus, the findings of this study established personal traits as the significant determinants of intention to adopt DL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>The decision of effective adoption is manipulated by the extent of users\u2019 willing (PI), level of satisfaction, the image of quality and users\u2019 past experience with the use of related innovations. Thus, librarians in addition to the system features should also focus on individual characteristics and quality of resources that probably influence adequate adoption of DL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>In the Pakistani context, this study is the first attempt that examined the relationship of PI, the usability of DL and quality of digital resources with users\u2019 satisfaction. Research model of this study can be used in future research. Also, this study extended the scope of theories of adoption towards DL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/dlp-12-2017-0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T10:22:22Z","timestamp":1547029342000},"page":"15-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The relationship of personal innovativeness, quality of digital resources and generic usability with users\u2019 satisfaction"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Asad","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Noorman","family":"Masrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.9.2.204","article-title":"A conceptual and operational definition of personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology","volume":"9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Information System Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2307\/3250951","article-title":"Time flies when you\u2019re having fun: cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage","volume":"24","year":"2000","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2014","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref003","first-page":"571","article-title":"Digital library services quality assessment model","volume":"129","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behaviour","volume":"50","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.14329\/apjis.2015.25.4.662","article-title":"Exploring the personal innovativeness construct: the roles of ease of use, satisfaction and attitudes","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref006","unstructured":"Atkinson, R. and Flint, J. (2001), \u201cAccessing hidden and hard-to-reach populations: Snowball research strategies\u201d, available at: http:\/\/sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/SRU33.pdf (accessed 12 April)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref007","first-page":"233","article-title":"Testing a multidimensional and hierarchical quality assessment model for digital libraries","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"Studies in Informatics and Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref008","first-page":"502","article-title":"Reconceptualising e-business performance measurement using an innovation adoption framework","volume":"61","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref009","first-page":"61","article-title":"The effects of personal innovativeness, perceived risks and computer self-efficacy on online purchasing intent","volume":"15","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of International Technology and Information Management"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1108\/01435121311298261","article-title":"Exploring the determinants of e-learning systems continuance intention in academic libraries","volume":"34","year":"2013","journal-title":"Library Management"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref011","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","year":"1988"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24129-6_20","article-title":"Digital libraries evaluation: measuring European\u2019s usability","volume":"544","year":"2015","journal-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.3.1.60","article-title":"Information systems success: the quest for the dependent variable","volume":"3","year":"1992","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mediation of cognitive absorption between users\u2019 time styles and website satisfaction","volume":"15","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X1510900215","article-title":"Convenience sampling, random sampling, and snowball sampling: how does sampling affect the validity of research?","volume":"109","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref017","volume-title":"A Primer Soft Modeling","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref019","first-page":"21","article-title":"Digital libraries: a generic classification and evaluation scheme","volume":"8","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal on Digital Libraries"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/10570310802636326","article-title":"The new employee as a source of uncertainty: veteran employee information seeking about new hires","volume":"73","year":"2009","journal-title":"Western Journal of Communication"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref021","volume-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref022","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240290075039","article-title":"Information system and developing countries: failure, success and local improvisations","volume":"18","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Information Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2002.11045692","article-title":"Determinants of user acceptance of digital libraries: an empirical examination of individual differences and system characteristics","volume":"18","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information System"},{"issue":"2011","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref025","first-page":"45","article-title":"An investigation of user perceptions and behavioural intentions towards the e-library","volume":"35","year":"2011","journal-title":"Library Collections, Acquisition and Technical Services"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref026","unstructured":"Jianlin, W. and Qi, D. (2010), \u201cModerating effect of personal innovativeness in the model for e-store loyalty\u201d, available at: http:\/\/staff.ustc.edu.cn\/\u223cwjl\/paper\/Moderating%20Effect%20of%20Personal%20Innovativeness%20in%20the%20Model%20for%20E-store%20Loyalty.pdf (accessed 27 May)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-014-9081-2","article-title":"Integrating user interface and personal innovativeness into the TAM for mobile learning in cyber university","volume":"26","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref028","first-page":"13","article-title":"Digital reference services in libraries","volume":"37","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pakistan Library and Information Science Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref029","first-page":"89","article-title":"Emotional intelligence of library professional in Pakistan: a descriptive analysis","volume":"21","year":"2014","journal-title":"PUTAJ-Humanities and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"4\/5","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1108\/LR-06-2015-0070","article-title":"Understanding research students\u2019 behavioural intention in the adoption of digital libraries: a Pakistani perspective","volume":"65","year":"2016","journal-title":"Library Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4018\/joeuc.2005040103","article-title":"Impact of personal innovativeness on the use of the internet among employees at work","volume":"17","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational and End User Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2011.565495","article-title":"Role of social presence and cognitive absorption in online learning environments","volume":"32","year":"2011","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2307\/30036552","article-title":"Sources of influence on beliefs about information technology use: an empirical study of knowledge workers","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acalib.2011.02.015","article-title":"A comparative study of digital library use: factors, perceived influences, and satisfaction","volume":"37","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Academic Librarianship"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-05-2012-0100","article-title":"Are personal innovativeness and social influence critical to continue with mobile commerce?","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref036","unstructured":"Martinez, E.F. and Chen, S.Y. (2005), \u201cEvaluation of user satisfaction with digital library interfaces\u201d, available at: http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.163.7199&rep=rep1&type=pdf9 (accessed 2 June)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1108\/IJILT-06-2015-0019","article-title":"Assessing users\u2019 satisfaction with web digital library: the case of universiti Teknologi Mara","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Information and Learning Technology"},{"issue":"2009","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref038","first-page":"196","article-title":"User acceptance of a digital library system in developing countries: an application of the technology acceptance model","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref039","first-page":"1","article-title":"Technology complexity, personal innovativeness and intention to use wireless internet using mobile devices in Malaysia","volume":"4","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Review of Business Research Papers"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref040","volume-title":"Diffusion of Innovations","year":"1995"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref041","unstructured":"Rosen, P.A. (1996), \u201cThe effect of personal innovativeness on technology acceptance and use\u201d, available at: https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/72dd\/838836a261aae2a2c0e4dfb1f34ac871ec9d.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4018\/jhcr.2010100103","article-title":"Effect of personal innovativeness, attachment motivation and social norms on the acceptance of camera mobile phones: an empirical study in an arab country","volume":"1","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Handheld Computing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/089443930202000103","article-title":"Innovations in survey research: an application of web-based surveys","volume":"20","year":"2002","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref044","first-page":"380","article-title":"Validation guidelines for IS positivist research","volume":"14","year":"2004","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(02)91024-4","article-title":"Understanding user acceptance of digital libraries: what are the roles of interface characteristics, organizational context, and individual differences?","volume":"57","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Human Computer Studies"},{"issue":"2015","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref046","first-page":"43","article-title":"A theoretical model proposal: personal innovativeness and user involvement as antecedents of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","volume":"210","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref047","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors influencing virtual patron satisfaction with online library resources and services","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Educators Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2307\/41410412","article-title":"Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","volume":"36","year":"2012","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092421152960100_ref049","first-page":"79","article-title":"Intention to use special networking sites: impact of personal innovativeness","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. Risus Issn 2179-3565"},{"key":"key2020092421152960100_ref050","volume-title":"Evaluation Constructs and Criteria for Digital Libraries: A Document Analysis","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Digital Library Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/DLP-12-2017-0046\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/DLP-12-2017-0046\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:10:27Z","timestamp":1753398627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/dlp\/article\/35\/1\/15-30\/258514"}},"subtitle":["A Pakistani perspective"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/DLP-12-2017-0046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/dlp-12-2017-0046","relation":{},"ISSN":["2059-5816"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2059-5816","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]}}}