{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:17:11Z","timestamp":1758961031906,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DTA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to further the debate on Knowledge Artefacts (KAs), by presenting the design of WikiRate, a Collective Awareness platform whose goal is to support a wider public contributing to the generation of knowledge on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance of companies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The material presented in the paper comes from the first-hand experience of the authors as part of the WikiRate design team. This material is reflexively discussed using concepts from the field of science and technology studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using the concept of the \u201cfunnel of interest\u201d, the authors discuss how the design of a KA like WikiRate relies on the designers\u2019 capacity to translate general statements into particular design solutions. The authors also show how this funnelling helps understanding the interplay between situativity and objectivity in a KA. The authors show how WikiRate is a peer-production platform based on situativity, which requires a robust level of objectivity for producing reliable knowledge about the ESG performance of companies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper furthers the debate on KAs. It presents a relevant design example and offers in the discussion a set of design and community building recommendations to practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/dta-02-2017-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T05:57:58Z","timestamp":1517983078000},"page":"16-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["When situativity meets objectivity in peer production of knowledge: the case of the WikiRate platform"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Richard Allister","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"De Paoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206311436079","article-title":"What we know and don\u2019t know about corporate social responsibility a review and research agenda","volume":"38","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"key":"key2020093021462429600_ref002","unstructured":"Akrich, M. (1992), \u201cThe de\u00adscription of technical objects\u201d, in Bijker, W. and Law, J. (Eds), Shaping Technology Building Society, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 205-224."},{"journal-title":"Business & Society","article-title":"The penalization of non-communicating UN global compact\u2019s companies by investors and its implications for this initiative\u2019s effectiveness","year":"2015","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref003"},{"edition":"2nd ed.","volume-title":"Information Systems Development: Methodologies, Techniques and Tools","year":"1995","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref004"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2006.00597.x","article-title":"Corporate reputation and social performance: the importance of fit","volume":"43","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"volume-title":"Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage","year":"2008","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref006"},{"first-page":"64","article-title":"Made with knowledge\u201d \u2013 disentangling the IT knowledge artifact by a qualitative literature review","year":"2014","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref007"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref008","first-page":"196","article-title":"Some elements of a sociology of translation: domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay","volume":"32","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Sociological Review"},{"key":"key2020093021462429600_ref009","unstructured":"Callon, M. (1991), \u201cTechno-economic networks and irreversibility\u201d, in Law, J. (Ed.), A Sociology of Monsters. Essays on Power, Technology and Domination, Routledge, London, pp. 132-161."},{"volume-title":"The Labyrinths of Information: Challenging the Wisdom of Systems: Challenging the Wisdom of Systems","year":"2002","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref010"},{"volume-title":"From Control to Drift: The Dynamics of Corporate Information Infrastructure","year":"2000","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref011"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/2.963450","article-title":"Agile software development, the people factor","volume":"34","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref036","first-page":"43","article-title":"Successful knowledge management projects","volume":"39","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWBC.2008.017673","article-title":"How artefacts rule web-based communities: practices of free software development","volume":"4","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Web Based Communities"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/135050840072001","article-title":"Practice\u00adbased theorizing on learning and knowing in organizations","volume":"7","year":"2000","journal-title":"Organization"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"Crowds and communities: light and heavyweight models of peer production","year":"2009","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref015"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/25148625","article-title":"Design science in information systems research","volume":"28","year":"2004","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2020093021462429600_ref016","unstructured":"Howe, J. (2006), \u201cCrowdsourcing: a Definition\u201d, available at: http:\/\/crowdsourcing.typepad.com\/cs\/2006\/06\/crowdsourcing_a.html (accessed 20 January 2017)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/oxrep\/17.2.248","article-title":"Open source software development and distributed innovation","volume":"17","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oxford Review of Economic Policy"},{"key":"key2020093021462429600_ref018","unstructured":"Lanzara, G.F. and Morner, M. (2005), \u201cArtifacts rule! How organizing happens in open source software projects\u201d, in Czarniawska, B. and Hernes, T. (Eds), Actor-Network Theory and Organising, Copenhagen Business School Press, Copenhagen, pp. 67-90."},{"volume-title":"Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society","year":"1987","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref019"},{"key":"key2020093021462429600_ref020","unstructured":"Latour, B. (1991), \u201cTechnology is society made durable\u201d, in Law, J. (Ed.), A Sociology of Monsters, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, pp. 103-131."},{"key":"key2020093021462429600_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law, J. (1986), \u201cThe heterogeneity of texts\u201d, in Callon, M., Law, J. and Rip, A. (Eds), Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology, The Macmillan Press Ltd, London, pp. 67-83.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-07408-2_5"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref022","first-page":"319","article-title":"Organizational learning","volume":"14","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"journal-title":"First Monday","article-title":"The future of sociology of floss","year":"2005","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref023"},{"first-page":"2857","article-title":"Design lessons from the fastest Q&A site in the west","year":"2011","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref024"},{"first-page":"229","article-title":"A computational study of how and why reddit.com was an effective platform in the campaign against SOPA","year":"2015","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref025"},{"first-page":"74","article-title":"WikiRate.org \u2013 leveraging collective awareness to understand companies\u2019 environmental, social and governance performance","year":"2016","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref026"},{"volume-title":"The Knowledge-Creating Company","year":"1995","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref027"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1701_1","article-title":"Cognition in the head and in the world: an introduction to the special issue on situated action","volume":"17","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"key2020093021462429600_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raymond, E.S. (1998), \u201cThe cathedral and the bazaar\u201d, available at: www.catb.org\/esr\/writings\/cathedral-bazaar\/cathedral-bazaar\/ (accessed 20 January 2017).","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v3i2.578"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122414559043","article-title":"Can ratings have indirect effects? Evidence from the organizational response to peers environmental ratings","volume":"80","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"volume-title":"Computers and Thought. A Practical Introduction to Artificial Intelligence","year":"1989","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref030"},{"volume-title":"The Sciences of the Artificial","year":"1996","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref031"},{"volume-title":"Plans and Situated Action","year":"1987","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref032"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1108\/13563280910931063","article-title":"Social disclosure rating system for assessing firms\u2019 CSR reports","volume":"14","year":"2009","journal-title":"Corporate Communications: An International Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/135050840072002","article-title":"Communities of practice and social learning systems","volume":"7","year":"2000","journal-title":"Organization"},{"volume-title":"Understanding Computer and Cognition. A New Foundation for Design","year":"1986","key":"key2020093021462429600_ref035"}],"container-title":["Data Technologies and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/DTA-02-2017-0006\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/DTA-02-2017-0006\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:14:56Z","timestamp":1753398896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/dta\/article\/52\/1\/16-33\/93311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/DTA-02-2017-0006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/dta-02-2017-0006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-9288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2514-9288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]}}}