{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T20:27:09Z","timestamp":1764793629382,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,4,1]],"date-time":"1988-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":575856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>According to Kuhn's The structure of scientific revolutions normal science makes progress under a unifying paradigm while the humanities flounder among many competing paradigms. Bibliometric reference analysis is here used to test for evidence of this dichotomy in publishing and citation patterns. 227 critical (humanities) papers (with 13,355 references) drawn randomly from exhaustive Dead Sea Scrolls bibliographies are compared with 162 archaeological (scientific) papers (2,494 references) from the same population. References in critical papers (where\u2010lack of paradigm unity diffuses research and impedes assimilation of individual papers) in general (with and without inclusion of ancient classics) and articles in particular (with\/without) are found, as hypothesised, to have significantly higher average ages than references in the archaeological papers. Reference density ratios adjusted for changes in number of citable and citing papers suggest no decline in use with age for critical sources as is true in archaeology. Archaeological, but not critical, references cluster on a research front and are concentrated in the years of data collection. Periodicals (not less\u2010timely monographs) account, as hypothesised, for significantly more archaeological than critical papers, references, and references in articles only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,19]],"date-time":"2008-01-19T07:41:47Z","timestamp":1200728507000},"page":"285-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["PARADIGM AGREEMENT AND LITERATURE OBSOLESCENCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE LITERATURE OF THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"TERRY M.","family":"HEISEY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"p_44","first-page":"136","volume":"702","author":"WEIL E","year":"1973","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"volume-title":"Personal knowledge","year":"1958","author":"POLANYI M.","key":"p_45"},{"volume-title":"Patterns of discovery","year":"1958","author":"HANSON N.R.","key":"p_46"},{"key":"p_47","volume-title":"The structure ofscientific revolutions","author":"KUHN T.S.","year":"1970","edition":"2"},{"volume-title":"Communication among scientists and engineers.","year":"1970","author":"PRICE D.J..","key":"p_48"},{"key":"p_49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.131.3415.1716"},{"key":"p_51","first-page":"19","author":"KRENTZ E","year":"1966","journal-title":"St. Louis: Concordia"},{"volume-title":"The Dead Sea Scrolls","year":"1955","author":"BURROWS M.","key":"p_52"},{"volume-title":"The Bible and archaeology","year":"1940","author":"KENYON F.","key":"p_53"},{"key":"p_54","first-page":"7","volume":"13","author":"BIRNBAUM S.A.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research"},{"volume-title":"The amazing Dead Sea Scrolls and the Christian faith","year":"1956","author":"SOR W.S.","key":"p_55"},{"volume-title":"What Christians believe about the Bible","year":"1985","author":"KIM D.K.","key":"p_56"},{"key":"p_57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026516"},{"key":"p_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9783112314951","volume-title":"Bibliographyc zu den Handschriften vom Toten Meer","author":"BURCHARD C.","year":"1957"},{"volume-title":"II.","year":"1965","author":"BURCHARD C.","key":"p_59"},{"key":"p_60","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Arts and Humanities Citation Index","author":"GARFIELD E.","year":"1982"},{"volume-title":"Statistical reasoningfor the behavioral sciences","year":"1981","author":"SHAVELSON R.J.","key":"p_61"},{"volume-title":"Bibliography of the Dead Sea Scrolls","year":"1948","author":"SOR W.S.","key":"p_62"},{"volume-title":"A classified bibliography of the finds in the desert of Juda","year":"1958","author":"JONGELING B.","key":"p_63"},{"key":"p_64","unstructured":"ITZCHAKY, M. The structure of citation patterns of the international research literature of biblical and ancient Near East studies. Doctoral dissertation,Rutgers University, 1979."},{"key":"p_65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600992"},{"key":"p_66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/224934"},{"key":"p_67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026610"},{"key":"p_68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277700700112"},{"key":"p_69","unstructured":"WHALEN, MX. The literature used in Catholic and Protestant doctoral research in theology. Doctoral dissertation,Columbia University, 1965."},{"key":"p_70","unstructured":"HEUSSMAN, J.W. The literature cited in theologicaljournals and its relationship to seminary library circulation. Doctoral dissertation,University of Illinois, 1970."},{"volume-title":"Science, 149(36S3)","year":"1965","author":"PRICE D.J.","key":"p_71"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_72","first-page":"18","volume":"22","author":"BROOKES B.C","year":"1973","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"p_73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026583"},{"key":"p_74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026679"},{"key":"p_75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_05_02_115"},{"key":"p_76","first-page":"159","volume-title":"ed. Summary of proceedings, 37th annual conference of the American Theological Library Association. Chicago: American Theological Library Association","author":"HURD J.M.","year":"1984"},{"key":"p_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026323","volume-title":"R.N. Research literature of the field of speech.","author":"HEINZKILL","year":"1953"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_78","first-page":"107","volume":"30","author":"GAPEN D.K.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"p_79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026323"},{"key":"p_80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026500"},{"key":"p_81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb008443"},{"key":"p_82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb008447"},{"issue":"4","key":"p_83","first-page":"371","volume":"13","author":"STINSON E.R.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"p_84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.132.3427.625"},{"key":"p_85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026516"},{"key":"p_86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026486"},{"issue":"2","key":"p_87","first-page":"3","volume":"6","author":"MOTYLEV V.M","year":"1981","journal-title":"International Forum on Information and Documentation"},{"key":"p_88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026614"},{"key":"p_89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026591"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_90","first-page":"9","volume":"30","author":"O'CONNOR D.O.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Library Trends"}],"container-title":["Journal of Documentation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/eb026831\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/eb026831\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:11:27Z","timestamp":1753398687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jd\/article\/44\/4\/285-301\/205676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,4,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/eb026831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/eb026831","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-0418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,4,1]]}}}