{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:52:57Z","timestamp":1768877577708,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The impact of different screen-based typography styles on individuals\u2019 cognitive processing of information has not been given much consideration in the literature, though such differences would imply different learning outcomes. This study aims to enrich the current understanding of the impact of reading in single- and multiple-column types on students\u2019 cognitive processing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>An electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to record and analyze the brain signals of 27 students while reading from single- and multiple- column layouts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results showed a significant difference in students\u2019 cognitive load when reading text from different types of columns. All students exerted less processing efforts when text was presented in two-column format, thus experiencing less cognitive load.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using EEG, this study examined the neural consequences of reading in single- and multiple-column types on cognitive load during reading. The findings can be used to enrich the current instructional design practices on how different typographical formats facilitate learners\u2019 cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/el-01-2019-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T10:58:57Z","timestamp":1567076337000},"page":"593-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load: an EEG study"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Hosam","family":"Al-Samarraie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Atef","family":"Eldenfria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fahed","family":"Zaqout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Melissa Lee","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102914341806600_ref001","first-page":"75","article-title":"Visual perception of multi-column-layout text: insight from repeated and non-repeated reading","volume":"36","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behaviour and Information Technology"},{"key":"key2021102914341806600_ref002","first-page":"791","article-title":"A user study of visualization effectiveness using EEG and cognitive load","volume-title":"Computer Graphics Forum","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102914341806600_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J184v05n03_03","article-title":"The role of slow-wave electroencephalographic activity in reading","volume":"5","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102914341806600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-010-9130-y","article-title":"Using electroencephalography to measure cognitive load","volume":"22","year":"2010","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021102914341806600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.2882","article-title":"Cognitive load theory: new directions and challenges","volume":"26","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102914341806600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748608401616","article-title":"Dementia and working memory","volume":"38","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 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