{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1768908887631,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>This paper systematically reviews the evidence of reliability and validity of scales available in studies that reported surveys of students to assess their perceived self-efficacy of information literacy (IL) skills.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>Search in two subject and two general databases and scanning of titles, abstracts and full texts of documents have been carried out in this paper.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>In total, 45 studies met the eligibility criteria. A large number of studies did not report any psychometric characteristics of data collection instruments they used. The selected studies provided information on 22 scales. The instruments were heterogeneous in number of items and type of scale options. The most used reliability measure was internal consistency (with high values of Cronbach\u2019s alpha), and the most used validity was face\/content validity by experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Practical implications<\/jats:title>The culture of using good-quality scales needs to be promoted by IL practitioners, authors and journal editors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>This paper is the first review of its kind, which is useful for IL stakeholders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/el-03-2016-0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T07:13:48Z","timestamp":1502435628000},"page":"1035-1051","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Reliability and validity of self-efficacy scales assessing students\u2019 information literacy skills"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"44","key":"key2020120513292747200_ref001","first-page":"33","article-title":"Prospective teachers\u2019 digital empowerment and their information literacy self-efficacy","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120513292747200_ref002","first-page":"47","article-title":"Supporting inquiry by identifying gaps in student confidence: development of a measure of perceived competence","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"School Libraries Worldwide"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120513292747200_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191","article-title":"Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavior change","volume":"84","year":"1977","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"key2020120513292747200_ref004","volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory","year":"1986"},{"key":"key2020120513292747200_ref005","volume-title":"Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control","year":"1997"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020120513292747200_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22723","article-title":"Factors affecting the adoption of online library resources by business students","volume":"63","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120513292747200_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.96.3.1044-1048","article-title":"Student information literacy: psychometric validation of a self-efficacy report","volume":"96","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120513292747200_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/00048623.2011.10722219","article-title":"Evaluation of information literacy skill development in first year medical students","volume":"42","year":"2011","journal-title":"Australian Academic & Research Libraries"},{"key":"key2020120513292747200_ref009","unstructured":"Catts, R. 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