{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:10:12Z","timestamp":1781885412140,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aims to explore the factors affecting the adoption of digital reference services (DRS) among the university librarians in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Based on the adapted unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, the proposed study tested 12 hypothetical relationships through structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques. The study approach was quantitative based on a questionnaire distributed online to a sample of Pakistani university librarians and completed by 289 respondents. The questionnaire used in this study was developed from other validated instruments used in past empirical studies. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were performed through SPSS and AMOS for SEM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results revealed usefulness, ease of use and information and communication technology (ICT) skills as the significant predictors of the adoption of DRS. However, moderating influence of the demographic factors (age, gender and type of library) on the relationship of predictors with outcome variable was found insignificant. The findings of this study imply that individuals\u2019 readiness for the adoption of DRS is present in the university libraries of Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the context of Pakistan, this study was the first attempt that investigated factors of the adoption of DRS at individual level. In addition, two new factors \u2013 namely, ICT skills and library type \u2013 were incorporated into the UTAUT model and were then evaluated in the Pakistani context. However, these two factors were found insignificant in influencing librarians towards the adoption of DRS. The intended study is equally useful for librarians in other countries in terms of understanding the factors that impact the effective adoption of DRS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/el-05-2016-0112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T07:11:27Z","timestamp":1508829087000},"page":"1225-1246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Factors influencing the adoption of digital reference services among the university librarians in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Asad","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Noorman","family":"Masrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Qutab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120419053396700_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1108\/AJIM-11-2014-0148","article-title":"Why do students use what\u2019sApp: an exploratory study","volume":"67","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aslib Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120419053396700_ref002","first-page":"222","article-title":"Digital reference services among the public and private sectors universities libraries in Karachi: a comparative study","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Academic Research International"},{"key":"key2020120419053396700_ref003","unstructured":"Bakar, A.B.A. (2009), \u201cVirtual reference service in the Muslim world: opportunities and challenges\u201d, available at: http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1294&context=libphilprac (accessed 11 August 2015)."},{"key":"key2020120419053396700_ref004","volume-title":"Acceptance and Quality Perception of Social Network Standard and Non-Standard Services in Different Cultures","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2020120419053396700_ref005","unstructured":"Berube, L. 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