{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:42:53Z","timestamp":1779907373508,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The delivery of information services in higher education is increasingly relying on Web-based systems. The low adoption and underutilization of information systems have been major problems for developing countries such as Pakistan in terms of realizing their full benefits. This study aims to investigate factors affecting student use of Allama Iqbal Open University\u2019s (AIOU) Web-based services by using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) from the perspective of Pakistani distance education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study has adopted quantitative research design with the UTAUT model as a theoretical framework. A self-completion structured questionnaire-based survey has been administered to 388 master\u2019s level students, selected through systematic sampling from the target population. The response rate was 82 per cent (318). All statistical tests have been performed using IBM SPSS (version 20.0) and Process macro for SPSS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings of the model\u2019s hypotheses reveal that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence are significant predictors of student behavioural intention to use AIOU Web-based services, whereas actual student use is dependent on facilitating conditions and student behavioural intention to use. The impact of moderating variables with respect to age, gender and experience did not influence the actual use of the Web services. However, the research model significantly measured (62.1 per cent) the actual use of AIOU Web-based services by the students.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study is delimited to the UTAUT model to investigate the phenomena. Besides this, the context of the study is the voluntary instead of mandatory usage of Web services. A study conducted in mandatory settings, in which students are bound to use Web services, may have different results.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is the first attempt to apply the UTAUT model to investigate the factors affecting student use of Web-based services from the perspective of distance education and the findings prove strong support for the model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/el-06-2016-0129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T09:35:02Z","timestamp":1526290502000},"page":"518-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Factors affecting student use of Web-based services"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Arif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwal","family":"Ameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key2021041413224058700_ref001","first-page":"295","article-title":"Distance education in developing countries","volume":"7","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of American Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021041413224058700_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1108\/17506161311325378","article-title":"Factors affecting e-government adoption in Pakistan: a citizen\u2019s perspective","volume":"7","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021041413224058700_ref003","first-page":"45","article-title":"Factors affecting the use of e-services from user perspectives: a case study of Al-Balqa\u2019 applied university","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Management Research"},{"key":"key2021041413224058700_ref004","unstructured":"Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) (2006), Vice Chancellor Annual Report 2005-2006, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad."},{"key":"key2021041413224058700_ref005","unstructured":"Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) (2013), Vice Chancellor Annual Report 2013, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021041413224058700_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/10572317.2009.10762806","article-title":"Acceptance of digital library among female students and effects of limited access of digital library on their performance in research work: a case of international Islamic university","volume":"41","year":"2009","journal-title":"The International Information & Library Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021041413224058700_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1108\/02640471211252184","article-title":"The changing role of librarians in the digital world: adoption of web 2.0 technologies by Pakistani librarians","volume":"30","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Electronic Library"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021041413224058700_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-12-2012-0161","article-title":"Usage patterns of Punjab university library web site: a transactional log analysis study","volume":"33","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Electronic Library"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021041413224058700_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-03-2014-0057","article-title":"Electronic library services acceptance and use: an empirical validation of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","volume":"33","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Electronic Library"},{"key":"key2021041413224058700_ref010","unstructured":"Barnes, B. 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