{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:08:38Z","timestamp":1761217718242,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]],"date-time":"2014-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The purpose of the study is to determine the most preferred catalogue format \u2013 card catalogue or online public access catalogue (OPAC) for searching library material in Oriental languages, i.e. Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Punjabi, Hindi, Sanskrit, Sindhi and Pashto of the Central Library, University of the Punjab, Lahore. It also explores the users\u2019 searching behaviour for finding the library material in Oriental languages. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 A purposive sample of 100 respondents was chosen for this study. The questionnaire contained both close- and open-ended questions. SPSS (version 11.5) was used for quantitative analysis of data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for reaching conclusions. The qualitative data analysis software \u201cX-Sight\u201d was used for analysing the qualitative data. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The study highlights the importance of both types of catalogue. Many of the findings of the study related to the card catalogue and OPAC are surprising when compared to their general perceptions. It is important to note that the users perceived the card catalogue as more effective for searching the library material in Oriental languages. However, they also face many problems while using both types of catalogues. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 It is the first study of its type in Pakistan that explored the users\u2019 perceptions and behaviour of searching Oriental language material from the card catalogue and OPAC. The findings of the study are valuable for library management, not only at the Central Library of Punjab University but also for other libraries. These findings can help in making both card catalogue and OPAC more effective and user-centred. It will also assist them to improve weaknesses of both types of catalogues. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Implications of the study<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 This study compares the users\u2019 preferences for card catalogue and\/or OPAC when searching Oriental language material. There are very few studies available on this subject and most of them are dated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/el-07-2012-0093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]],"date-time":"2014-07-10T15:07:43Z","timestamp":1405004863000},"page":"286-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["What do users prefer, card catalogue or OPAC?"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Alia","family":"Arshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzana","family":"Shafique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander, B.B.\n and \n Gyeszly, S.D.\n (1991), \u201cOPAC or card catalog: patrons preference in an academic library\u201d, Technical Services Quarterly, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 43-56.","DOI":"10.1300\/J124V09N01_05"},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b2","unstructured":"Ameen, K.\n and \n Shafique, F.\n (2009), \u201cOriental collection in the Punjab University Library: a case study\u201d, Trends in Information Management: Special Issue in Oriental Librarianship, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 16-33."},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connaway, L.S.\n , \n Johnson, D.W.\n and \n Searing, S.E.\n (1997), \u201cOnline catalogs from the user\u2019s perspective: the use of focus group interviews\u201d, College and Research Libraries, Vol. 58 No. 5, pp. 403-420.","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.58.5.403"},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b4","unstructured":"Lancaster, F.W.\n (1991), If You Want to Evaluate Your Library, University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Champaign, IL."},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lipetz, B.A.\n (1971), \u201cCatalog use in a large research library\u201d, The Library Quarterly, Vol. 42 No. 1, pp. 129-139.","DOI":"10.1086\/620009"},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b6","unstructured":"Mulla, K.R.\n and \n Chandrashekara, M.\n (2009), \u201cA study on the effective use of online public access catalogue at the libraries of engineering colleges in Karnataka (India)\u201d, International Journal of Library and Information Science, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 29-42."},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b7","unstructured":"Naz, Z.\n (2007), \u201cUse and usability of OPAC in Punjab University Library: a case study\u201d, unpublished master\u2019s thesis, University of the Punjab, Lahore."},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b8","unstructured":"Sharma, P.S.K.\n (1986), Cataloguing Theory, ESS Publications, New Delhi."},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b9","unstructured":"Sridhar, M.S.\n (1986), \u201cPattern of card catalogue consultation in a special library\u201d, IASLIC Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 9-16."},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sridhar, M.S.\n (2004), \u201cOPAC vs. card catalogue: a comparative study of user behaviour\u201d, The Electronic Library, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 175-183.","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470410533443"},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b11","unstructured":"University of the Punjab\n (2011), \u201cIntroduction\u201d, available at: http:\/\/pu.edu.pk\/page (accessed 15 December 2010)."},{"key":"key2020123121224402500_b12","unstructured":"Walton, C.\n , \n Williamson, S.\n and \n White, H.D.\n (1986), \u201cResistance to online catalogs: a comparative study at Bryn Mawr and Swathmore Colleges\u201d, Library Resources and Technical Services, Vol. 30, pp. 388-401."}],"container-title":["The Electronic Library"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/EL-07-2012-0093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/EL-07-2012-0093\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/EL-07-2012-0093\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T01:07:35Z","timestamp":1753405655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/el\/article\/32\/3\/286-295\/37266"}},"subtitle":["A study of Punjab University Library"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/EL-07-2012-0093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/el-07-2012-0093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-0473"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0264-0473"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]]}}}