{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T03:07:39Z","timestamp":1771211259778,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aims to examine why users search for images, how users describe their image needs and what the images are used for by analysing questions obtained from two Chinese social Q&amp;A sites, Zhihu and Baidu Zhidao.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 1,402 image questions were collected from Zhihu and Baidu Zhidao. Both quantitative analysis and qualitative content analysis were performed to identify user image needs and the potential differences on the two social Q&amp;A sites.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Question-asker\u2019s intention varies in different platforms. Zhihu users asked questions mainly aiming at a promotion of subsequent discussion, whereas users of Baidu Zhidao often did so to seek information. Syntactic attributes were not frequently used in both two sites. Zhihu users were more likely to express subjective evaluations on images (concept, emotion, theme and style) in their questions than users of Baidu Zhidao. In contrast, questions from Baidu Zhidao showed a tendency to more frequently include descriptive metadata (rights, format, size, quality and authenticity) and semantic attributes (generic activity, specific people, fashion and text) of the images than questions from Zhihu. Learning was an important use on social Q&amp;A sites, especially on Baidu Zhidao. In addition, the images were primarily used to trigger emotion or served a persuasive purpose in Zhihu.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study contributes to a better understanding of user image search behaviour, and the findings could be used to develop better image services on social Q&amp;A sites. Meanwhile, the image attributes extracted from the questions are conducive to the improvement of image retrieval systems.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study explored the features of image needs on social Q&amp;A sites, especially considering image use specified in the question. The difference of image needs between two Chinese social Q&amp;A sites (Zhihu and Baidu Zhidao) was identified.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/el-09-2018-0192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T07:14:41Z","timestamp":1559546081000},"page":"454-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Image needs on social Q&amp;A sites: a comparison of Zhihu and Baidu Zhidao"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Shengli","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020092300054010700_ref001","unstructured":"36news (2018), \u201cUsers on zhihu exceeded 160 million\u201d, available at: www.36xwzx.com\/20180520\/40127.html (accessed 17 July 2018)."},{"key":"key2020092300054010700_ref002","unstructured":"Alexa (2018), \u201cZhihu.com traffic statistics\u201d, available at:www.alexa.com\/siteinfo\/zhihu.com (accessed 15 September 2018)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020092300054010700_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-12-2012-0157","article-title":"A framework of image use among archaeologists, architects, art historians and artists","volume":"70","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020092300054010700_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21386","article-title":"Effects of contextual factors on image searching","volume":"61","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020092300054010700_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10237","article-title":"Searching for images: the analysis of users\u2019 queries for image retrieval in American history","volume":"54","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020092300054010700_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551511400951","article-title":"Image needs in the context of image use: an exploratory study","volume":"37","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"key2020092300054010700_ref007","unstructured":"Chyxx (2017), \u201cWeChat subscription number and image market size in 2017\u201d, available at: www.chyxx.com\/industry\/201712\/594617.html (accessed 14 August 2018)."},{"key":"key2020092300054010700_ref008","unstructured":"Conniss, L.R., Ashford, A.J. and Graham, M.E. 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