{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:15:50Z","timestamp":1754158550421,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aims to investigate the influence of map design characteristics on users\u2019 cognitive load and search performance. Two design conditions (symbolic vs non-symbolic) were used to evaluate users\u2019 ability to locate a place of interest.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 19 students (10 male and 9 female, 20-23\u2009years old) participated in this study. The time required for subjects to find a place in the two conditions was used to estimate their searching performance. An electroencephalogram (EEG) device was used to examine students\u2019 cognitive load using event-related desynchronization percentages of alpha, beta and theta brain wave rhythms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results showed that subjects needed more time to find a place in the non-symbolic condition than the symbolic condition. The EEG data, however, revealed that users experienced higher cognitive load when searching for a place in the symbolic condition. The authors found that the design characteristics of the map significantly influenced users\u2019 brain activity, thus impacting their search performance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Outcomes from this study can be used by cartographic designers and scholars to understand how certain design characteristics can trigger cognitive activity to improve users' searching experience and efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/el-10-2018-0202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T06:45:59Z","timestamp":1566456359000},"page":"667-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of map design characteristics on users\u2019 search performance and cognitive 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