{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T01:36:16Z","timestamp":1768872976710,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aims to develop a ubiquitous library for the visually impaired (ULVI) application (app) and to explore its usability by collecting feedback from visually impaired participants to analyse the problems they might encounter. Their suggestions for improving the app further are also reported.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of ten participants were recruited in the study. Ten tasks were assigned for the participants to complete using the ULVI app. The system usability scale was adopted to collect feedback on the app, and interviews were conducted to understand the participants\u2019 usage behaviours and perceptions of the app.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings indicated that the participants provided positive evaluation of the usability of the app and addressed the functions that might need improvement. Above all, this app was regarded as having great potential. Suggestions and improvements are proposed based on the participants\u2019 feedback.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In terms of the studies relevant to libraries and the visually impaired, few have evaluated the usability of the ULVI app from the perspectives of the visually impaired users. The ULVI app provides resources for the visually impaired and serves as the foundation for developing a more effective ULVI app.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/el-10-2020-0284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T06:09:50Z","timestamp":1615356590000},"page":"169-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Facilitating learning by the visually impaired: development and usability evaluation of a specially designed ubiquitous library"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yun-Fang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gwo-Jen","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chiu-Lin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref001","first-page":"114","article-title":"Determining what individual SUS scores mean: adding an adjective rating scale","volume":"4","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Usability Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1108\/14678040610654828","article-title":"Functionality, usability, and accessibility: iterative user-centered evaluation strategies for digital libraries","volume":"7","year":"2006","journal-title":"Performance Measurement and Metrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-01-2017-0016","article-title":"A comprehensive digital environment for visually impaired students: user\u2019s perspectives","volume":"35","year":"2017","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"issue":"194","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref004","first-page":"4","article-title":"SUS: a quick and dirty usability scale","volume":"189","year":"1996","journal-title":"Usability Evaluation in Industry"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref005","first-page":"29","article-title":"SUS: a retrospective","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Usability Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1108\/07378830220432534","article-title":"Accessibility and usability of web-based library databases for non-visual users","volume":"20","year":"2002","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000616679880","article-title":"Information access preferences and behaviour of blind foundation library clients","volume":"51","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref008","first-page":"156","article-title":"Access to electronic resources by visually impaired people","volume":"8","year":"2003","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"key":"key2021052011244736400_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fict.2017.00026","article-title":"Designing multimodal mobile interaction for a text messaging application for visually impaired users","volume":"4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in ICT"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2012.11.002","article-title":"Disability and accessibility in the library and information science literature: a content analysis","volume":"35","year":"2013","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1108\/02640471111156777","article-title":"Measuring the usability of academic digital libraries: instrument development and validation","volume":"29","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Electronic Library"},{"issue":"13","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blind-friendly user interfaces \u2013 a pilot study on improving the accessibility of touchscreen interfaces","volume":"78","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"key2021052011244736400_ref013","first-page":"1","article-title":"An insight into smartphone-based assistive solutions for visually impaired and blind people: issues, challenges and opportunities","year":"2020","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1108\/LHT-11-2013-0148","article-title":"Ensuring accessibility of electronic information resources for visually impaired people: the need to clarify concepts such as visually impaired","volume":"32","year":"2014","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMLO.2016.079499","article-title":"Usability guideline for mobile learning apps: an empirical study","volume":"10","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470910979589","article-title":"Ubiquitous library usability test for the improvement of information access for the blind","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Electronic Library"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1145\/1167948.1167973","article-title":"Sample sizes for usability tests: mostly math, not magic","volume":"13","year":"2006","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"key":"key2021052011244736400_ref018","first-page":"94","article-title":"The factor structure of the system usability scale","volume-title":"Human Centered Design SE-12","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref019","first-page":"158","article-title":"Item benchmarks for the system usability scale","volume":"13","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Usability Studies"},{"issue":"6\/7","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref020","first-page":"462","article-title":"Access to electronic and print information resources by people with visual impairments in university libraries: a review of related literature","volume":"39","year":"2018","journal-title":"Library Management"},{"key":"key2021052011244736400_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aip.2015.02.005","article-title":"Usability assessment of a mobile app for art therapy","volume":"43","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Arts in Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-015-0430-3","article-title":"Evaluation of a university website\u2019s usability for visually impaired students","volume":"16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"key":"key2021052011244736400_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-020-00757-0","article-title":"Factors influencing the intention of persons with visual impairment to adopt mobile applications based on the UTAUT model","year":"2020","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"key":"key2021052011244736400_ref024","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bangla braille learning application\u2019 in smartphones for visually impaired students in Bangladesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-04-2014-0067","article-title":"Usability evaluation of an academic library website: experience with the central science library, university of Delhi","volume":"33","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Electronic Library"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMLO.2017.087087","article-title":"Electronic textbooks: usability of advanced features a limiting factor","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref027","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatic switching between speech and non-speech: adaptive auditory feedback in desktop assistance for the visually impaired","volume":"19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-018-0281-3","article-title":"Interactive sonification of U-depth images in a navigation aid for the visually impaired","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMLO.2018.089233","article-title":"The roles of sensing technologies and learning strategies in library-associated mobile learning: a review of 2007-2016 journal publications","volume":"12","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation"},{"key":"key2021052011244736400_ref030","article-title":"A comparison of questionnaires for assessing website usability","volume-title":"Usability Professionals Association (UPA) 2004 Conference","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/001872089203400407","article-title":"Refining the test phase of usability evaluation: how many subjects is enough?","volume":"34","year":"1992","journal-title":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-017-0568-2","article-title":"Audio description on smartphones: making cinema accessible for visually impaired audiences","volume":"17","year":"2018","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102110","article-title":"Enhancing usability of digital libraries: designing help features to support blind and visually impaired users","volume":"57","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1086\/685399","article-title":"Accessibility and diversity in library and information science: inclusive information architecture for library websites","volume":"86","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Library Quarterly"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1080\/10447310802205776","article-title":"An empirical evaluation of the system usability scale","volume":"24","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021052011244736400_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2012.680659","article-title":"Toward an improved haptic zooming algorithm for graphical information accessed by individuals who are blind and visually impaired","volume":"25","year":"2013","journal-title":"Assistive Technology"}],"container-title":["The Electronic Library"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/EL-10-2020-0284\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/EL-10-2020-0284\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T01:08:15Z","timestamp":1753405695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/el\/article\/39\/1\/169-185\/242472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/EL-10-2020-0284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/el-10-2020-0284","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-0473","0264-0473"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-0473","type":"print"},{"value":"0264-0473","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]}}}