{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:17:30Z","timestamp":1760707050513,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]],"date-time":"2001-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1004572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Addresses the question of how to assure effective performance evaluation of a public service strategic unit. Both descriptive and prescriptive approaches are discussed. Based on this analysis a practical model for performance evaluation is developed. The model proposed comprises key drivers of performance, including internal and external factors, as well as both quantitative and qualitative factors, simultaneously. The model has been designed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and tested using the Expert Choice Software. The testing results show that the evaluation outcomes differ as a function of the criteria used, the weight assigned, and the meaning given to each criterion. Using the same criteria with a different weighting scheme results in different outcomes for the same performance. This counter\u2010intuitive finding has important implications for management practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/eum0000000006169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,6]],"date-time":"2003-01-06T22:18:30Z","timestamp":1041891510000},"page":"390-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Strategic performance evaluation: descriptive and prescriptive analysis"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Germaine H.","family":"Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, S.M., Sarkis, J. and Don, L. (1995), \u201cThe development of strategic performance metrics\u201d, Engineering Management Journal, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 24\u201033.","DOI":"10.1080\/10429247.1995.11414823"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson, A.A. (1998), \u201cStrategic performance measurement and incentive compensation\u201d, European Management Journal, Vol. 16 No. 6, pp. 552\u201061.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-2373(98)00032-2"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B3","unstructured":"Atkinson, A.A. and McCruindell, J.O. (1997), \u201cStrategic performance measurement in government\u201d, The Management Accounting Magazine, Vol. 71 No. 3, pp. 20\u20103."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B4","unstructured":"Atkinson, A.A., Waterhouse, J.H. and Wells, R.B. (1997), \u201cA stakeholder approach to strategic performance measurement\u201d, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 25\u201037."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banker, D., Chang, H. and Majumdar, S.K. (1996), \u201cA framework for analyzing changes in strategic performance\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17 No. 9,  pp. 693\u2010712.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199611)17:9<693::AID-SMJ847>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B6","unstructured":"Brancato, C.R. (1997), \u201cImplementing strategic performance measures\u201d, Across the Broad, Vol. 34 No. 5, pp. 55\u20107."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. and Rohdes, E. (1978), \u201cMeasuring the efficiency of decision\u2010making units\u201d, European Journal of Operations Research, Vol. 2 No.6, pp. 429\u201044.","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. and Rohdes, E. (1981), \u201cEvaluating program and managerial efficiency\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 27  No. 6, pp. 668\u201097.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.27.6.668"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crew, M. and Kleindorfer, P. (1986, The Economics of Public Utility Regulations,  MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-07295-8"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B10","unstructured":"Eccles, R.G. (1991), \u201cThe performance measurement manifesto\u201d, Harvard Business Review, January\u2010February, pp. 131\u20107."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B11","unstructured":"Eccles, R.G. and Dyburn, P.J. (1992), \u201cCreating a comprehensive system to measure performances\u201d, Management Accounting, Vol.74, pp. 41\u20104."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B12","unstructured":"Expert Choice \u2013 EC Decision Support Software (1995), Expert Choice Inc., Pittsburgh, PA."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B13","unstructured":"Fisher, J. (1992), \u201cUse of non\u2010financial performance measures\u201d, Journal of Cost Management, pp. 31\u20108."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B14","unstructured":"Gottinger, H.W. (1991), Economic Models and Applications of Solid Waste Management, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,  New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B15","unstructured":"Grady, M.W. (1991), \u201cPerformance measurement: implementing strategy\u201d, Management Accounting, Vol. 72, pp. 49\u201053."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B16","unstructured":"Hayes, R.H. and Wheelwright, S.C. (1984), Restoring Our Competitive Edge, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B17","unstructured":"Horngen, C.T., Foster, G. and Datar, S.M. (1997), Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis, Prentice\u2010Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunt, R.G., Sellers, J.D. and Franklin W.E. (1992), \u201cResource and environmental profile analysis: a life cycle environmental assessment for products and procedures\u201d, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 12, pp. 245\u201069.","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-9255(92)90020-X"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, A. (1998), \u201cPerformance monitoring and policy making: making effective use of evaluation strategies\u201d, Total Quality Management, Vol. 9 No. 2\/3, pp. 259\u201067.","DOI":"10.1080\/0954412989117"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B20","unstructured":"Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (1996), \u201cUsing the Balanced Score Card as a strategic management system\u201d, Harvard Business Review, January\u2010February, pp. 75\u201085."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B21","unstructured":"Keeney, R.L. and Raiffa H. (1976), Decisions with Multiple Objectives, Wiley, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B22","unstructured":"Lingle, J.H. and Schiemann, W.A. (1996), \u201cFrom balanced score card to strategic gauges: is measurement worth it?\u201d, Management Review, Vol. 85 No. 3, pp. 56\u20108."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B23","unstructured":"Mardell, L.M. (1997), \u201cPerformance measurement and management tools in North Carolina local government: revisited\u201d, Public Administration Quality, Vol. 21 No. 1,  pp. 96\u2010127."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B24","unstructured":"Pieterse, J. (1998), \u201cHow to architect business performance\u201d. Production and Operations Management Proceedings, Vol. I, pp. 257\u201068."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B25","unstructured":"Porter, M.F. (1985), Competitive Advantage, The Free Press, Glenwood, IL."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B26","unstructured":"Rummler, G. and Brache, A.T. (1990), Improving Performance: How to Manage the White Space on the Organizational Chart, Jossey\u2010Bass,  San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B27","unstructured":"Saad, G.H. (1994), \u201cSolid waste systems: performance measures and policy implications\u201d, Journal of Resource Management and Technology, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 41\u201054."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B28","unstructured":"Saad, G.H. (1997), \u201cAnalytical performance evaluation of solid waste systems in urban communities\u201d, presented at the International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management, Philadelphia, PA,  14\u201017 November."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B29","unstructured":"Saad, G.H.. (1998), \u201cStrategic performance evaluation: a descriptive and prescriptive analysis\u201d, Productions and Operations Management Proceedings, Vol. II, Cape Town."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B30","unstructured":"Saad, G.H. and Sybrandy, A. (1991), \u201cAn experimental investigation of management strategies and business performance\u201d, Administrative Research Review, Vol. 4  No. 132, pp. 147\u201058."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B31","unstructured":"Saad, G.H., Reilly, B. and Ozatalay, D. (1994), \u201cManagement of technological change: micro analysis and macro implications\u201d, in Khalil, T. and Bayraktar, B. (Eds), Technology Management V, ITE, Norcross, GA, pp. 1405\u201014."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B32","unstructured":"Saaty, T.L. (1994), Fundamentals of Decision Making and Priority Theory with the Analytic Hierarchy Process, RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, PA."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B33","unstructured":"Saaty, T.L. and Forman, E.H. (1992), The Hierarchon: A Dictionary of Hierarchies, Vol. V, AHP Series, RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, PA."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B34","unstructured":"Savas, E.S. (1977a), \u201cPolicy analysis for local government: public vs. private refuse collection\u201d, Policy Analysis, Vol. 3 No. 1,  pp. 49\u201074."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savas, E.S. (1977b), \u201cAn empirical study of competition in municipal service delivery\u201d, Public Administration Review, Vol. 37,  pp. 717\u201024.","DOI":"10.2307\/975342"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savas, E.S. (1978), \u201cEquity in providing public services\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 24,  pp. 800\u201008.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.24.8.800"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B37","unstructured":"Tarr, J.D. (1996), \u201cPerformance measurements for a continuous improvement strategy\u201d, Hospital Material Management Quarterly, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 77\u201085."},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavana, M. and Banerjee, S. (1995), \u201cStrategic assessment model (SAM): a multi\u2010criteria decision\u201d, Decision Sciences, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 119\u201044.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1995.tb00840.x"},{"key":"key2022020220002386500_B39","unstructured":"Vitale, M.R. and Manina, S.C. (1995), \u201cHow effective is your performance measurement system?\u201d, Management Accounting, Vol. 77, August, pp. 43\u20107."}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/EUM0000000006169\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/EUM0000000006169\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:50:01Z","timestamp":1753404601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/101\/8\/390-399\/184083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/EUM0000000006169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/eum0000000006169","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0263-5577"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}}}