{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:39:34Z","timestamp":1761057574851,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]],"date-time":"2001-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1007164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When information seekers use an information retrieval system their strategy is based, at least in part, on the perceptions they have formed about that environment. A random sample was gathered of more than 2,000 actual search queries submitted by users to one Web search engine, WebCrawler, in two separate capture sessions. The results suggest that a high proportion of users do not employ advanced search features, and those who do frequently misunderstand them. Furthermore, many users seem to have formed a model of the Web that imbues it with the intelligence found in a reference librarian, for example, but not a retrieval system. The linguistic structure of many queries resembles a typical human\u2010human communication model that is unlikely to produce satisfactory results in a human\u2010computer communication environment such as that offered currently by the Web. Design of more intuitive systems is dependent upon a more complete understanding of user behaviour at the intellectual and emotional as well as the technical levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/eum0000000006534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,6]],"date-time":"2003-01-06T22:18:30Z","timestamp":1041891510000},"page":"349-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Users\u2019 perceptions of the Web as revealed by transaction log analysis"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Haidar","family":"Moukdad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Large","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B1","unstructured":"(The) Economist (2001), \u201cGeography and the Net: putting it in its place\u201d, 11 August, pp. 18\u201020."},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B2","unstructured":"Hock, R. (1999), The Extreme Searcher\u2019s Guide to Web Search Engines: A Handbook for the Serious Searcher, CyberAge Books, Medford, NJ."},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, B.J. and Pooch, U. (2000), \u201cWeb user studies: a review and framework for future work\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 52 No. 3, pp. 235\u201046.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999<::AID-ASI1607>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B4","unstructured":"Jansen, B.J., Spink, A. and Pfaff, A. (2000a), \u201cLinguistic aspects of Web queries\u201d, ASIS 2000: Proceedings of the 63rd ASIS Annual Meeting, Volume 37, Chicago, November 2000, Information Today, Medford, NJ, pp. 169\u201076."},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, B.J., Spink, A. and Saracevic, T. (2000b), \u201cReal life, real users and real needs: a study and analysis of user queries on the Web\u201d, Information Processing and Management, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 207\u201027.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00056-4"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaske, N. (1993), \u201cResearch methodologies and transaction log analysis: issues, questions and a proposed model\u201d, Library Hi\u2010Tech, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 79\u201086.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb047886"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B7","unstructured":"Keily, L. (1997), \u201cImproving resource discovery on the Internet: the user perspective\u201d, Proceedings of the 21st International Online Information Meeting, Learned Information, Oxford, pp. 205\u201012."},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurth, M. (1993), \u201cThe limits and limitations of transaction log analysis\u201d, Library Hi\u2010Tech, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 78\u201086.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb047888"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Large, A. and Beheshti, J. (2000), \u201cThe Web as a classroom resource: reactions from the users\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 51 No. 12, pp. 1069\u201080.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999<::AID-ASI1017>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Large, A., Beheshti, J. and Breuleux, A. (1998), \u201cInformation seeking in a multimedia environment by primary school students\u201d, Library and Information Science Research, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 343\u201076.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-8188(98)90027-5"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B11","unstructured":"Large, A., Beheshti, J. and Moukdad, H. (1999), \u201cInformation seeking on the Web: navigational skills of grade\u2010six primary school students\u201d, Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Washington DC, 31 October\u20104 November 1999, Information Today, Medford, NJ, pp. 84\u201097."},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B12","unstructured":"Ring, G., Ellis, R. and Reeves, T.C. (1994), \u201cMental models research and human computer interface design\u201d, available at: http:\/\/cleo.murdoch.edu.au\/gen\/aset\/confs\/iims\/94\/qz\/ring2.html"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B13","unstructured":"Silverstein, C., Henzinger, M., Marais, H. and Moricz, M. (1998), \u201cAnalysis of a very large AltaVista query log\u201d, SRC Technical Note 1998\u2010014, available at: http:\/\/www.research.digital.com\/SRC\/"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, T., Ruocco, A. and Jansen, B. (1998), \u201cDigital video in education\u201d, Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education March 24\u201028 New Orleans, pp. 122\u20106.","DOI":"10.1145\/384266.299715"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B15","unstructured":"Spink, A. and Xu, J.L. (2000), \u201cSelected results from a large study of Web searching: the Excite study\u201d, Information Research, Vol. 6 No. 1, available at: http:\/\/www.shef.ac.uk\/\u223cis\/publications\/infres\/paper90.htm"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spink, A., Wolfram, D., Jansen, B.J. and Saracevic, T. (2001), \u201cSearching the Web: the public and their queries\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 52 No. 3, pp. 226\u201034.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4571(2000)9999:9999<::AID-ASI1591>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B17","unstructured":"Wolfram, D. (2000), \u201cA query\u2010level examination of end user searching behaviour on the Excite search engine\u201d, CAIS 2000: Dimensions of a Global Information Science: Canadian Association for Information Science Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference, available at: http:\/\/www.slis.Ualberta.ca\/cais2000\/wolfram.htm"},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B18","unstructured":"Xu, J. (1999), \u201cInternet search engines: real world IR issues and challenges\u201d, presentation to CIKM99, 31 October\u20104 November, Kansas City, MO."},{"key":"key2022021419430990800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X. and Chignell, M. 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