{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:24:32Z","timestamp":1773188672093,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper consolidates and presents the results of a work conducted to fabricate micro-channels on titanium grade-2 material by ultrasonic machining process (USM). In this research, the effects of important USM parameters, namely, kind of abrasives and its size, concentration of slurry, USM power rating and feed rate, have been probed on micro-channels quality for average surface roughness and process throughput in the form of material removal rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple micro-channels on commercially pure titanium (i.e. Ti grade-2) have been fabricated in a single pass by employing micro-tool based USM process. Taguchi-based L18 (mixed level) OA has been selected for experimental design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) study and regression modeling have also been done. Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) has been used for process optimization to get optimum values of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The influence of important USM variables on SR and MRR have been investigated, and NSGA-II-based multi-response optimization has been done. The best surface roughness values obtained via NSGA-II solution for SiC and B<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>C are 0.354\u00a0\u00b5m and 1.303\u00a0\u00b5m, respectively. Scanned electron microscopic investigation proves the fabrication of micro-channels with smooth surfaces, and minimum burrs and other defects. The material removed from the surface was due to ductile fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Miniaturization is a modern trend these days to solve many precision, scientific and industrial problems. To manufacture precise micro-products, shapes and features, advanced and micro-machining processes can play a very prominent role. Micro-channels are typical micro-features required in micro-fluidic applications like micro heat exchangers and micro-pumps. Exhaustive review of existing research work indicated that precision micromachining of various materials can be effectively performed using USM, though not much work has been undertaken to explore the feasibility of multiple micro-channels in a single run using USM. The current work fulfills the gap, where multiple micro-channels on commercially pure titanium (i.e. Ti grade-2) have been fabricated in a single pass by employing micro-tool-based USM process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/gs-01-2020-0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T06:15:10Z","timestamp":1587017710000},"page":"173-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Parametric optimization of USM parameters by Taguchi and NSGA-II for the development of <i>\u00b5<\/i>-channels on pure titanium"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rahul Dev","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pardeep","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rotary ultrasonic drilling of Ti6Al4V: effects of machining parameters and tool diameter","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Mechanical Engineering"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020051907480887900_ref002","article-title":"Rotary ultrasonic milling of C\/SiC composites fabricated using chemical vapor infiltration and needling technique","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials Research Express"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmhm.2009.11.011","article-title":"Statistical analysis of surface roughness and cutting forces using response surface methodology in hard turning of AISI 52100 bearing steel with CBN tool","volume":"28","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2011.07.013","article-title":"Evaluation of vegetable based cutting fluids with extreme pressure and cutting parameters in turning of AISI 304L by Taguchi method","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2011.09.003","article-title":"Ultrafast laser machining of tapered microchannels in glass and PDMS","volume":"50","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020051907480887900_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","article-title":"A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II","volume":"6","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/10426914.2010.520792","article-title":"Swarm intelligent selection and optimization of machining system parameters for microchannel fabrication in medical devices","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Materials and Manufacturing Processes"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rotary ultrasonic machining of rocks: an experimental investigation","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Mechanical Engineering"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref009","volume-title":"Advanced Machining Processes","year":"2009"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/413231","article-title":"Recent developments and research issues in microultrasonic machining","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Mechanical Engineering"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref011","first-page":"167","article-title":"Microfabrication of microchannels for fuel cell plates","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref012","first-page":"143","article-title":"An investigation into the machining characteristics of titanium using ultrasonic machining","volume":"3","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Materials Forming and Machining Processes"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-0136(03)00760-X","article-title":"A study on the machining of high-aspect ratio micro-structures using micro-EDM","volume":"140","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fabrication of long microchannels with circular cross section using astigmatically shaped Femtosecond Laser Pulses and chemical etching","volume":"88","year":"2006","journal-title":"Applied Physics Letters"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref015","volume-title":"MEMS: Design and Fabrication","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref016","first-page":"125","article-title":"Design and fabrication of the microchannels for microfluidics applications","volume":"71","year":"2009","journal-title":"U.P.B. Scientific Bulletin, Series C"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmachtools.2011.10.005","article-title":"Modelling of the Micro-Channelling process on glasses using an abrasive slurry jet","volume":"53","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s40436-017-0185-6","article-title":"Experimental study and optimization of cutting parameters in machining of super alloy with hybrid ultrasonic method","volume":"5","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Manufacturing"},{"issue":"43","key":"key2020051907480887900_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40997-018-0197-2","article-title":"Investigation of the circularity and conicity of super alloy during rotary ultrasonic machining","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/10910344.2017.1365896","article-title":"Experimental investigation of tool wear and machining rate in rotary ultrasonic machining of nickel alloy","volume":"22","year":"2018","journal-title":"Machining Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref021","volume-title":"Design of Experiments Using the Taguchi Approach: 16 Steps to Product and Process Improvement","year":"2001"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-016-1236-8","article-title":"Porosity exploration of SMA by Taguchi, regression analysis and genetic programming","volume":"30","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2005.10.027","article-title":"Ultrasonic machining of titanium and its alloys: a review","volume":"173","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Processing Technology"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1994.2.3.221","article-title":"Multi objective optimization using nondominated sorting algorithm","volume":"2","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(97)80107-0","article-title":"Micro ultrasonic machining and its applications in MEMS","volume":"57","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators A: Physical"},{"key":"key2020051907480887900_ref026","first-page":"1","article-title":"A fabrication technology for three-dimensional micro total analysis systems","volume":"20","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering"}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-01-2020-0007\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-01-2020-0007\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:45:28Z","timestamp":1753404328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/10\/2\/173-192\/431084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/GS-01-2020-0007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/gs-01-2020-0007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2043-9377","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]}}}