{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:53:28Z","timestamp":1773770008547,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the multivariable grey prediction model in deformation forecasting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Deformation in a dam can be seen because of many factors but without any doubt, the most influential factor is the water level. In this study, the deformation level of a point in the Keban Dam crest has been tried to be forecasted depending on the water level by the multivariable grey model GM(1,N). Regression analysis was used to test the accuracy of the prediction results obtained using the grey prediction model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results show that there is a great consistency between the grey prediction values and the actual values, and that the GM(1,N) produces more reliable results than the regression analysis. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the GM(1,N) is a very reliable estimation model for limited data conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Different from the other studies in the literature, this study investigates deformation in a dam subject to the water level in the dam reservoir. The main contribution of the study to the literature is to suggest a relatively new procedure for estimating the deformation in the dams based on the water level.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/gs-04-2019-0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T10:38:56Z","timestamp":1567593536000},"page":"464-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Geodetic deformation forecasting based on multi-variable grey prediction model and regression model"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0097-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erkan","family":"Kose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Tasci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6911(82)80025-X","article-title":"Control problems of grey system","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"Systems & Control Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to grey system theory","volume":"1","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Grey System"},{"key":"key2019093010293942000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Parameter optimized of GM(1,1) model and its application in subsidence and deformation of high building","year":"2010","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIECS.2010.5677696"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref004","first-page":"212","article-title":"Deformation forecasting with a novel high precision grey forecasting model based on genetic algorithm","volume":"18","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computer Modeling & New Technologies"},{"key":"key2019093010293942000_ref005","first-page":"12","article-title":"Horizontal deflection analysis of a large earthen dam by means of geodetic and geotechnical methods","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.11.004","article-title":"Forecasting the output of integrated circuit industry using genetic algorithm based multivariable grey optimization models","volume":"36","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.11.015","article-title":"Forecasting integrated circuit output using multivariate grey model and grey relational analysis","volume":"36","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref008","first-page":"12","article-title":"Prediction of the vertical displacement on the crest of Keban Dam","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Grey System"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref009","first-page":"71","article-title":"Grey system approach for economic order quantity models under uncertainty","volume":"23","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Grey System"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref010","first-page":"25","article-title":"Skin physiology analysis via grey GM(1, N) and GM(0, N) model","volume":"1","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref011","first-page":"555","article-title":"Deformation monitoring and forecasting model study based on grey system theory","volume":"62","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref012","first-page":"173","article-title":"A multivariable grey model based on background value optimization and its application to sub grade settlement prediction","volume":"34","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rock and Soil Mechanics"},{"key":"key2019093010293942000_ref013","first-page":"2006","volume-title":"Grey Information: Theory and Practical Applications","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref014","first-page":"435","article-title":"Grey dynamic model GM(1,N) for the relationship of cost and variability","volume":"38","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref015","first-page":"1801","article-title":"Adaptive multivariable grey prediction model","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Information Computer Science"},{"issue":"14","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref016","first-page":"1770","article-title":"Analysis of dam deformation measurements with the robust and non-robust methods","volume":"5","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientific Research and Essays"},{"issue":"14","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref017","first-page":"56","article-title":"Deformation forecasting based on multi variable grey prediction models","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Grey System"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref018","first-page":"65","article-title":"Multy variable grey method for multy point deformation analysis","volume":"13","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Science & Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref019","first-page":"152","article-title":"Monitoring of deformations in open-pit mines and prediction of deformations with the grey prediction model","volume":"30","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Grey System"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2011.10.055","article-title":"A research on the grey prediction model GM(1,n)","volume":"218","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics and Computation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12303-014-0012-z","article-title":"An improved SCGM(1,m) model for multi-point deformation analysis","volume":"18","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geosciences Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4236\/gep.2017.59011","article-title":"Application of renewal Gray GM(1,1) model to prediction of landslide deformation","volume":"5","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2004.10.087","article-title":"A prediction method using the grey model GMC(1,n) combined with the grey relational analysis a case study on internet access population forecast","volume":"169","year":"2005","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics and Computation"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref024","first-page":"2627","article-title":"The research of the grey system theory applied on buildings deformation monitoring","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2019093010293942000_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.12.009","article-title":"Adaptive and high-precision grey forecasting model","volume":"36","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-04-2019-0007\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-04-2019-0007\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:45:43Z","timestamp":1753404343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/9\/4\/464-471\/90806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/GS-04-2019-0007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/gs-04-2019-0007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2043-9377","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]}}}