{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:22:55Z","timestamp":1777504975446,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 As the grey systems theory has been used over the time in different economic areas, in the following, a short literature review will be put forward, starting from the usage of these theory in the supply chain management, decision-making process, financial performance evaluation, credit risk, energy consumption, investment efficiency, etc. The purpose of this paper is to identify some key studies from all the economic areas in which the grey systems can be used in order to open and to bring to the researchers new domains in which they can manifest their interest and in which they can successfully use the methods offered by the grey systems theory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 Using the search engine offered by the Web of Science, a literature review has been performed for the economic grey systems applications developed over the time on both economic diagnosis and system\u2019s forecasting. In addition, some hybrid grey systems theory \u2013 artificial intelligence techniques models have also been presented.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 The grey systems theory has brought its contribution to numerous economic application from various fields such as: supply chain management, decision-making process, financial performance evaluation, credit risk, energy consumption, investment efficiency, firms\u2019 bankruptcy, product development, consumer income, monetization ratio, etc.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 The present paper identifies the some of the most representative examples in which the grey theory has been used, but, in the same time, there are a lot of studies that have not been mentioned here due to the lack of space.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 Unlike other review papers written on the grey systems theory area, the present paper is only focusing on the economic applications in which this theory has been successfully used, bringing to the reader a general overview on this field and, in the same time, enabling new research perspectives.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/gs-05-2015-0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T09:52:27Z","timestamp":1437040347000},"page":"263-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Grey systems theory in economics \u2013 a historical applications review"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Delcea","family":"Camelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economic Informatics and Cybernetics Department,Bucharest University of Economic Studies,Bucharest,Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371111163738","article-title":"Why the world is grey","volume":"1","author":"","year":"2011","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bi, K.X.\n          , Zheng, Z.W. and Yang, S.F. (2011), \u201cThe grey relational analysis of manufacturing industry innovation and local administration\u201d, The 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering \u2013 18th Annual Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1, pp. 595-602.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMSE.2011.6070023"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cenrui, M.\n          , Cong, Y. and Chengtao, Z. (2011), \u201cGrey neural network-based model for weapon support cost forecasting\u201d, Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services, pp. 356-359.","DOI":"10.1109\/GSIS.2011.6044115"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b4","first-page":"329","article-title":"Business failure rediction model based on grey prediction and rough set theory","volume":"6","author":"","year":"2009","journal-title":"WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072817582715100_b5","first-page":"174","article-title":"Application of hybrid case-based reasoning for enhanced performance in bankruptcy prediction","volume":"236","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b6","article-title":"Grey systems theory in economics \u2013 bibliometric analysis and applications\u2019 overview","volume":"5","author":"","year":"2015","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application, Special Issue: Perspectives on Grey Economic Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-08-2013-0014","article-title":"GM(1, 1) in bankruptcy forecasting","volume":"3","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371211260199","article-title":"Grey relational analysis between firm\u2019s current situation and its possible causes: a bankruptcy syndrome approach","volume":"2","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072817582715100_b9","first-page":"705","article-title":"Application of ant colony algorithm and grey theory in manufacturing resource optimization configuration","volume":"15","author":"","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b10","unstructured":"Golinska, P.\n          , Kosacka, M., Mierzwiak, R. and Werner-Lewandowska, K. (2014), \u201cGrey decision making as a tool for the classification of the sustainable level of remanufacturing companies\u201d,                   Journal of Cleaner Production                , pp. 1-13, available at: www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0959652614012207"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2012.01.025","article-title":"Developing a grey-based decision-making model for supplier selection","volume":"137","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371211260243","article-title":"Applying fuzzy grey relational analysis for ranking the advanced manufacturing systems","volume":"2","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b13","unstructured":"Harzing, A.W.\n           (2007), \u201cPublish or Perish\u201d, available at: www.harzing.com\/pop.htm (accessed 6 February 2015)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b14","article-title":"Combined forecasting of regional logistics demand optimized by genetic algorithm","volume":"4","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371211260108","article-title":"Chaotic dynamics and chaos control in differentiated bertrand model with heterogeneous players","volume":"2","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b16","first-page":"5387","article-title":"A hybrid model for stock market forecasting and portfolio selection based on ARX, grey system and RS theories","volume":"3","author":"","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, K.Y.\n          , Chang, T.C. and Lee, J.H. (2009), \u201cA hybrid model to improve the capabilities of forecasting based on GRA and ANN theories\u201d, Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services, Nanjing, pp. 1687-1693.","DOI":"10.1109\/GSIS.2009.5408186"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, K.Y.\n          , Jane, C.J. and Chang, T.C. (2010), \u201cA hybrid model for portfolio selection based on grey relational analysis and RS theories\u201d,                   2010 International Computer Symposium                , pp. 1014-1019.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSYM.2010.5685542"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-08-2013-0020","article-title":"Evaluating industrial economy-ecology-coordinated development level by grey target theory","volume":"3","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b20","first-page":"14","article-title":"Development prediction of logistics industry in Henan province and its dynamic analysis","volume":"4","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072817582715100_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.10.040","article-title":"Integrating DANP and modified grey relation theory for the selection of an outsourcing provider","volume":"40","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371211273267","article-title":"Commercial bank credit risk management based on grey incidence analysis","volume":"2","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-06-2013-0010","article-title":"Grey relational analysis between energy consumption and economic growth","volume":"3","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2006.12.012","article-title":"Applying grey relational analysis and grey decision-making to evaluate the relationship between company attributes and its financial performance \u2013 a case study of venture capital enterprises in Taiwan","volume":"43","author":"","year":"2007","journal-title":"Decision Support Systesms"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2025072817582715100_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2006.11.021","article-title":"A grey-based decision-making approach to the supplier selection problem","volume":"46","author":"","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modeling"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072817582715100_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-11-2013-0031","article-title":"Grey assessment and prediction of the financial agglomeration degree in central five cities","volume":"4","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S.Z.\n          , Shi, Y.Y., Zhong, Z.D., Zhu, G. and Ai, B. (2013), \u201cRisk assessment of the individual housing loans by grey data mining based on AHP-GRAP\u201d, Proceedings of the 2013 Computing, Communications and IT Applications Conference (COMCOMAP), pp. 131-135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ComComAp.2013.6533623"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371211260090","article-title":"Maximizin bidder\u2019s profit in online auctions using grey system theory\u2019s predictor agent","volume":"2","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, R.H.\n           and Chuang, C.L. (2010), \u201cDevelopment of a hybrid case-based reasoning for bankruptcy prediction\u201d, Proceedings of the ICCSA 2010, pp. 178-188.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12179-1_17"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072817582715100_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.08.064","article-title":"Dynamic multi-attribute decision making model with grey number evaluations","volume":"35","author":"","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.11.068","article-title":"Developing a business failure prediction model via RST, GRA and CBR","volume":"36","author":"","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S.\n          , Gan, M. and Dai, H. (2013), \u201cA hybrid approach to fuzzy risk analysis in stock market\u201d, Proceedings of the 2013 10th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), pp. 295-298.","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2013.6816210"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072817582715100_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S1874-8651(10)60033-6","article-title":"Decision-making methods with three-parameter interval grey number","volume":"29","author":"","year":"2009","journal-title":"Systems Engineering \u2013 Theory & Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371211260126","article-title":"Analysis of the income elasticity of the consumer demand of Chinese rural residents and prediction of its trend","volume":"2","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072817582715100_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2011.07.074","article-title":"The multi-attibute grey target decision method for attribute value within three-parameter interval grey number","volume":"36","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Mathematical Modelling"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-08-2013-0021","article-title":"Multi-attribute decision-making methods with three-parameter interval grey number","volume":"3","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2005.08.008","article-title":"Use of grey relational analysis to assess and optimize small biomass boilers","volume":"87","author":"","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fuel Processing Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072817582715100_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2005.05.002","article-title":"Simulation of fuzzy multi-attribute models for grey relationships","volume":"175","author":"","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Operations Research"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025072817582715100_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2012.756592","article-title":"Fuzzy hybrid decision model for supplier evaluation and selection","volume":"51","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Product Research"},{"issue":"1-4","key":"2025072817582715100_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-013-5463-2","article-title":"A hybrid model of fuzzy goal programming and grey numbers in continuous project time, cost and quality tradeoff","volume":"71","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072817582715100_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-07-2013-0011","article-title":"Supply chain performance benchmarking using grey-MOORA approach: an empirical research","volume":"4","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072817582715100_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371111106704","article-title":"Complete analysis of bankruptcy syndrome using grey systems theory","volume":"1","author":"","year":"2011","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-04-2014-0012","article-title":"Centipede game network model of investment in real estate market based on grey integration and forwards induction","volume":"4","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025072817582715100_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2011.03.004","article-title":"A grey decision and prediction model for investment in the core competitiveness of product development","volume":"78","author":"","year":"2011","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting Social Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371111181242","article-title":"Influencing factor analysis of the investment efficiency of the environmental governance: a case of shandong province in China","volume":"1","author":"","year":"2011","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072817582715100_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.02.007","article-title":"A hybrid methodology of fuzzy grey relation for determining multi attribute customer preference of edible oil","volume":"13","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072817582715100_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.09.011","article-title":"A causal and effect decision making model for service quality expectation using grey-fuzzy DEMATEL approach","volume":"36","author":"","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025072817582715100_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.01.083","article-title":"A hybrid Kansei engineering design expert system based on grey system theory and support vector regression","volume":"38","author":"","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, P.\n          , Meng, P., Zhai, J.Y. and Zhu, Z.Q. (2013), \u201cA hybrid method using experiment design and grey relational analysis for multiple criteria decision making problems\u201d,                   Knowledge-Based Systems                , Vol. 53, pp. 100-107, available at: www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S095070511300261X","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.08.025"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, P.\n          , Xi, C., Zhang, S., Yu, D., Zhang, W. and Li, Y. (2014), \u201c A combination of extended fuzzy AHP and fuzzy GRA for government E-Tendring in hybrid fuzzy environment\u201d,                   Scientific World Journal                , pp. 123675-123686, available at: www.researchgate.net\/publication\/264201542_A_Combination_of_Extended_Fuzzy_AHP_and_Fuzzy_GRA_for_Government_E-Tendering_in_Hybrid_Fuzzy_Environment","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/123675"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2010.04.034","article-title":"Evaluating business performance of wealth management banks","volume":"207","author":"","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-05-2014-0018","article-title":"A grey STA-GERT quality evaluation model for complex products based on manufacture-service dual-network","volume":"4","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zavadskas, E.K.\n          , Turkis, Z., Tamosaitiene, J. and Marina, V. (2008), \u201cMulticriteria selection of project managers by applysing grey criteria\u201d, Proceedings of the 11th Lithuanian-German-Polish Colloquium \u2013 Technological and Economic Development Economy, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 462-477.","DOI":"10.3846\/1392-8619.2008.14.462-477"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072817582715100_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3846\/jbem.2010.03","article-title":"Contractor selection for construction works by applying SAW-G and TOPSIS Grey techniques","volume":"11","author":"","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Business Economics and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-11-2013-0025","article-title":"Application of metabolic GM(1,1) model in financial repression approach to the financing difficulty of the small and medium-sized enterprises","volume":"4","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b58","first-page":"291","article-title":"Location of logistic distribution centers with grey demand based on hybrid PSO","volume":"23","author":"","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Grey System"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072817582715100_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-03-2013-0004","article-title":"Self-adaptation evaluation method in real time dynamics decision-making system based on grey close relationship","volume":"3","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072817582715100_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371211260234","article-title":"Grey relational evaluation of innovation competency in an aviation industry cluster","volume":"2","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072817582715100_frd1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371111106713","article-title":"Application of grey theory approach to evaluation of organizational vision","volume":"1","author":"","year":"2011","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"2025072817582715100_frd2","unstructured":"Web of Science\n           (2015), available at: www.webofknowledge.com (accessed 11 March 2015)."}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/GS-05-2015-0018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-05-2015-0018\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article-pdf\/5\/2\/263\/650831\/gs-05-2015-0018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article-pdf\/5\/2\/263\/650831\/gs-05-2015-0018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T21:58:41Z","timestamp":1753739921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/5\/2\/263\/99614\/Grey-systems-theory-in-economics-a-historical"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Professor","family":"Delcea Camelia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/gs-05-2015-0018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2043-9377","type":"print"},{"value":"2043-9385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]}}}