{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T13:38:10Z","timestamp":1761917890833,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The rise in malaria deaths discloses a decline of global malaria eradication that shows that control measures and fund distribution have missed its right of way. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study and evaluate the impact and control of malaria on the independent states of the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region over the time period of 2010\u20132017 using Deng\u2019s Grey incidence analysis, absolute degree GIA and second synthetic degree GIA model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purposive data sampling is a secondary data from World Developmental Indicators indicating the incidence of new malaria cases (per 1,000 population at risk) for 45 independent states in SSA. GIA models were applied on array sequences into a single relational grade for ranking to be obtained and analyzed to evaluate trend over a predicted period.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Grey relational analysis classifies West Africa as the highly infectious region of malaria incidence having Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Benin, Liberia and Gambia suffering severely. Also, results indicate Southern Africa to be the least of all affected in the African belt that includes Eswatini, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa and Mozambique. But, predictions revealed that the infection rate is expected to fall in West Africa, whereas the least vulnerable countries will experience a rise in malaria incidence through to the next ten years. Therefore, this study draws the attention of all stakeholders and interest groups to adopt effective policies to fight malaria.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study is a pioneer to unravel the most vulnerable countries in the SSA region as far as the incidence of new malaria cases is a concern through the use of second synthetic GIA model. The outcome of the study is substantial to direct research funds to control and eliminate malaria.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/gs-06-2019-0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T11:14:31Z","timestamp":1568805271000},"page":"415-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Grey relational evaluation of impact and control of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tawiah Kwatekwei","family":"Quartey-Papafio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"first-page":"2","volume-title":"Global Technical Strategy and Targets for Malaria 2016\u20132030","year":"2015","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref001"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2012060","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2012.060","article-title":"Epidemiology of malaria in endemic areas","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2012.05.194","article-title":"Application of gray relational analysis method in comprehensive evaluation on the customer satisfaction of automobile 4S enterprises","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physics Procedia"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czq008","article-title":"Policy development in malaria vector management in Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe","volume":"25","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to grey systems theory","volume":"1","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Grey System"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-01-2019-0003","article-title":"Sustainable supplier selection for Satrec Vitalait milk company in Senegal using novel grey relational analysis method","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref007","first-page":"128","article-title":"Grey relational analysis approach in academic performance comparison of university: a case study of Turkish universities","volume":"7881","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Scientific Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.12973\/eurasia.2017.01242a","article-title":"Application of grey relational analysis to decision-making during product development","volume":"13","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref009","unstructured":"Javed, S.A. (2019), \u201cA novel research on Grey incidence analysis models and its application in project management\u201d, doctoral dissertation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-04-2018-0018","article-title":"Evaluation of outpatient satisfaction and service quality of Pakistani healthcare projects","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2586-5","article-title":"Predicting the research output\/growth of selected countries: application of even GM (1, 1) and NDGM models","volume":"115","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref011","first-page":"60885","article-title":"Bidirectional absolute GRA\/GIA model for uncertain systems: application in project management","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-01-2018-0009","article-title":"Perceived organizational performance and trust in project manager and top management in project-based organizations","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2629","article-title":"Patients\u2019 satisfaction and public and private sectors\u2019 healthcare service quality in Pakistan: application of Grey decision analysis approaches","volume":"34","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Planning and Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/pr7060348","article-title":"Systems evaluation through new grey relational analysis approach: an application on thermal conductivity \u2013 petrophysical parameters\u2019 relationships","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2018.08.086","article-title":"A critical review: shape optimization of welded plate heat exchangers based on grey correlation theory","volume":"144","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applied Thermal Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1108\/20439371111106696","article-title":"Novel models of grey relational analysis based on visual angle of similarity and nearness","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Yang, Y. and Forrest, J. (2017), \u201cGrey data analysis\u201d, available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-1841-1 (accessed January 16, 2019).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-1841-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-181071","article-title":"A novel method of solving linear programming with grey parameters","volume":"36","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"S6","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref019","first-page":"203","article-title":"Medicine sellers and malaria treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: what do they do and how can their practice be improved?","volume":"77","year":"2007","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutero, C.M., Kramer, R.A., Paul, C., Lesser, A., Miranda, M.L., Mboera, L.E.G., Kiptui, R., Kabatereine, N. and Ameneshewa, B. (2014), \u201cFactors influencing malaria control policy-making in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania\u201d, Malaria Journal, Vol. 13 No. 305, pp. 1-10, available at: https:\/\/doi:10.1186\/1475-2875-13-305","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-305"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reviewing South Africa\u2019s malaria elimination strategy (2012-2018): progress, challenges, and priorities","volume":"15","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"Grey relational analysis and its application on multivariate time series","year":"2008","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref022"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1108\/GS-01-2019-0002","article-title":"Evaluation of key factors influencing process quality during construction projects in Pakistan","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Grey Systems: Theory and Applications"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref024","unstructured":"UNICEF (2003), \u201cReport 2003 Strategies\u201d, available at: www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/atoz\/whocdsmal20031093\/en\/ (accessed February 4, 2019)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref025","article-title":"A new Grey relational analysis model based on the characteristic of inscribed core (IC-GRA) and its application on seven-pilot carbon trading markets of China","volume":"16","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref026","unstructured":"World Bank (2019), \u201cIncidence of malaria (per 1,000 population at risk)\u201d, available at: https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/data\/reports.aspx?source=2&series=SH.MLR.INCD.P3# (accessed January 25, 2019)."},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref027","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018), \u201cWorld malaria report 2018\u201d, available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/ISBN9789241564403 (accessed February 4, 2019)."},{"issue":"7244","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1228","article-title":"African heads of state promise action against malaria","volume":"320","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7448","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7448.1086","article-title":"Roll back malaria: a failing global health campaign \u2013 only increased donor support for malaria control can save it","volume":"328","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4236\/njgc.2011.11003","article-title":"Optimizing the glass fiber cutting process using the Taguchi methods and grey relational analysis","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Journal of Glass and Ceramics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019093010293683300_ref030","first-page":"106","article-title":"Analysis of grey correlation degree between logistics industry and economic development in Shandong Province P.R. China","volume":"7","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref031","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China (2012), \u201cAction plan of China malaria elimination (2010-2020)\u201d, Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing, pp. 1-14, available at: www.gov.cn\/gzdt\/att\/att\/site1\/20100526\/001e3741a2cc0d67233801.doc (accessed February 4, 2019)."},{"key":"key2019093010293683300_ref032","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019), \u201cGlobal health observatory data repository\/World Health Statistics\u201d, available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ghodata\/ (accessed January 25, 2019)."}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-06-2019-0020\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-06-2019-0020\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:45:54Z","timestamp":1753404354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/9\/4\/415-431\/90870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/GS-06-2019-0020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/gs-06-2019-0020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2043-9377"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]}}}