{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:50:48Z","timestamp":1774975848815,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"abstract":"\nPurpose<\/jats:title>\nThe classification of aircraft failures has been a significant part of functional hazard analysis (FHA). Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional FHA method in the evaluation of aircraft risk, the purpose of this paper is to put forward a new approach by combining the gray comprehensive relation calculation method in the gray system theory with the traditional FHA in order to deal with the problem of \u201clittle data, poor information.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nDesign\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\nThis paper combines FHA, 1\u20139-scale method and gray relation analysis. At first, aircraft failure scenarios are chosen and data from experts are collected; then gray system theory is applied to find the relevance of such scenarios. Finally, the classification according to relevance is determined.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nFindings<\/jats:title>\nIn the past, \u201clittle data, poor information\u201d made it difficult for researchers to implement FHA. In this paper, the authors manage to deal with the problem of \u201cpoor information\u201d and provide an approach to find the seriousness of aircraft failure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResearch limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\nDue to the use of expert-evaluating methods, the classification of failures is still a little subjective and can be improved in this area. In the future, the method can be improved from the perspective of combining FMEA to analyze more complex indicators or using multisource heterogeneous solutions to solve fuzzy numbers, probabilities, gray numbers and indicators that cannot be assigned.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPractical implications<\/jats:title>\nThe paper uses FHA to divide the failure state and establishes a gray evaluation model of the aircraft failure state classification to verify the relevant method. Some aircraft safety design requirements are used to check the safety hazards of the aircraft during the design process, and to provide rational recommendations for the functional design of the aircraft.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nSocial implications<\/jats:title>\nImproving the safety of aircraft is undoubtedly of great practical significance and has become a top priority in the development of the civil aviation industry. In this paper, the FHA method and the failure state of the aircraft are studied. The original FHA method is innovated by using the gray system theory applicable to the poor information state. Therefore, to some extent, this study has significance for improving the safety of civil aircraft flight, ensuring people\u2019s travel safety and enhancing the society\u2019s trust in civil aviation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nOriginality\/value<\/jats:title>\nThe main innovation of this paper is integrating the FHA method and the gray system theory. This study calculates the comprehensive relation degree of each failure under different flight stages, and uses FHA to divide the failure state, and finally establishes a gray evaluation model of the aircraft failure state classification to analyze the different conditions of the landing gear brake system, so that it improves the present situation, and the problem with the character of \u201clittle data, poor information\u201d can be addressed better.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/gs-07-2019-0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T07:09:21Z","timestamp":1579158561000},"page":"213-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact analysis and classification of aircraft functional failures by using improved FHA based on gray correlation"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liangyan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2021031005045311500_ref001","first-page":"588","article-title":"Fault diagnosis and simulation of aircraft air conditioning system based on FMEA","volume":"37","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"key2021031005045311500_ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Failure mode and effect analysis with extended grey relational analysis method in cloud setting","volume":"30","year":"2019","journal-title":"Total Quality Management & Business Excellence"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021031005045311500_ref003","first-page":"56","article-title":"Research of aircraft aileron feel and centering unit on FMEA","volume":"30","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Civil Aviation University of China"},{"key":"key2021031005045311500_ref004","article-title":"Research on system safety analysis method of main landing gear system","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021031005045311500_ref005","first-page":"98","article-title":"Analysis of common faults and causes of aircraft landing gears","volume":"10","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equipment Environmental Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021031005045311500_ref006","first-page":"969","article-title":"Research on safety analysis method of civil aircraft landing gear","volume":"34","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2021031005045311500_ref007","first-page":"4098","article-title":"Fault diagnosis based on grey relational analysis and synergetic pattern recognition for aero-engine gas-path systems","volume":"223","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers"},{"key":"key2021031005045311500_ref008","unstructured":"Civil Aviation Administration of China (2017), \u201c2017 Civil Aviation Industry Development Statistics Bulletin\u201d, available at: www.caac.gov.cn\/XXGK\/XXGK\/TJSJ\/201805\/t20180521_188131.html (accessed May 21, 2018)."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021031005045311500_ref009","first-page":"25","article-title":"Grey incidence analysis on sort standard of national standard","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cell International"},{"key":"key2021031005045311500_ref010","volume-title":"Gu Yi. Aircraft Structure Design","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-07-2019-0026\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-07-2019-0026\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:45:58Z","timestamp":1753404358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/11\/2\/213-221\/206220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/GS-07-2019-0026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/gs-07-2019-0026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2043-9377","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]}}}