{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T18:10:14Z","timestamp":1754158214762,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to investigate the multi-period, multi-attribute decision-making problems that arise when the information required to make decisions is provided at different periods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For the multi-period grey relational analysis (MP-GRA) procedure, the time dimension is added to the grey relational analysis algorithm, which is a multi-attribute decision analysis that has been developed. As a case study to test the functionality and applicability of the model, 28 European Union member states were ranked by the MP-GRA method developed according to their human development and global competitiveness variables for the years 2006-2015.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The general ranking of EU member states has been provided in intervals of certain time periods called decision units.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Another dimension based on time periods has been added to a ranking technique. This case also shows that the opinions of decision-makers may be added separately to enhance evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/gs-08-2016-0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,12]],"date-time":"2017-01-12T03:18:09Z","timestamp":1484191089000},"page":"60-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An evaluation of EU member states according to human development and global competitiveness dimensions using the multi-period grey relational analysis (MP-GRA) technique"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mira\u00e7","family":"Eren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selahattin","family":"Kaynak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020120920472608000_ref001","unstructured":"Artadi, V. and Sala-I-Mart\u00edn, X. 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