{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:05:50Z","timestamp":1777518350997,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nowadays, evaluation objects are becoming more and more complicated. The interval grey numbers can be used to more accurately express the evaluation objects. However, the information distribution of interval grey numbers is not balanced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the central-point triangular whitenization weight function to solve the clustering process of this kind of numbers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A new expression of the central-point triangular whitenization weight function is presented in this paper, in terms of the grey cluster problem based on interval grey numbers. By establishing the integral mean value function on the set of interval grey numbers, the application range of grey clustering model is extended to the interval grey number category, and, in this way, the grey fixed weight cluster model based on interval grey numbers is obtained.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The model is verified by a case which reveals a high distinguishability, validity and practicability.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This model can be used in many fields, such as agriculture, economy, geology and medical science, and provides a feasible method for evaluation schemes in performance evaluation, scheme selection, risk evaluation and so on.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The central-point triangular whitenization weight function is introduced. The method reflects the thought \u201cmake full use of the information\u201d in grey system theory and further enriches the system of grey clustering theory as well as expands the application scope of the grey clustering method.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/gs-10-2016-0040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]],"date-time":"2017-06-27T07:32:43Z","timestamp":1498548763000},"page":"156-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A novel grey fixed weight cluster model based on interval grey numbers"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaoguo","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020120602234029100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2016.06.012","article-title":"A novel grey wave forecasting method for predicting metal prices","volume":"49","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resources Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6911(82)80025-X","article-title":"The control problem of grey systems","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"System & Control Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref030","first-page":"1236","article-title":"An alternative approach to estimating the parameters of a generalised grey Verhulst model: an application to steel intensity of use in the UK","volume":"41","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(00)00167-3","article-title":"Rough sets theory for multicriteria decision analysis","volume":"129","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"key2020120602234029100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2015.08.001","article-title":"Grey Predictor reference model for assisting particle swarm optimization for wind turbine control","volume":"86","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2015.03.006","article-title":"Application of game theory on parameter optimization of the novel two-stage Nash nonlinear grey Bernoulli model","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2006.07.010","article-title":"A GM(1, 1)-Markov chain combined model with an application to predict the number of Chinese international airlines","volume":"74","year":"2007","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2012.01.001","article-title":"Applying fuzzy grey modification model on inflow forecasting","volume":"25","year":"2012","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref008","first-page":"224","article-title":"New grey evaluation method based on reformative triangular whitenization weight function","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Engineering"},{"key":"key2020120602234029100_ref009","volume-title":"Grey System Theory and its Application","year":"2010","edition":"5th ed."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2011.07.074","article-title":"The multi-attribute grey target decision method for attribute value with in three-parameter interval grey number","volume":"36","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Mathematical Modeling"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2007.01.007","article-title":"Using grey system theory to evaluate transportation effects on air quality trends in Japan","volume":"12","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1080\/02331934.2014.956743","article-title":"Cooperative grey games and the grey Shapley value","volume":"64","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optimization"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.01.037","article-title":"Forecasting of CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in China using an improved grey model","volume":"40","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001956","article-title":"Rough sets","volume":"11","year":"1982","journal-title":"International Journal of Information & Computer Sciences"},{"key":"key2020120602234029100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.03.048","article-title":"An integrated multi attribute decision model for energy efficiency processes in petrochemical industry applying fuzzy set theory","volume":"117","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Conversion and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.06.021","article-title":"The development of an interval grey regression model for limited time series forecasting","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2007.04.080","article-title":"Using genetic algorithms grey theory to forecast high technology industrial output","volume":"195","year":"2008","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics and Computation"},{"key":"key2020120602234029100_ref018","first-page":"69","article-title":"A new grey evaluation method based on the improved center-point triangular whitenization weight function","volume":"8","year":"2014","journal-title":"Statistics and Decision"},{"key":"key2020120602234029100_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.10.054","article-title":"A grey-forecasting interval-parameter mixed-integer programming approach for integrated electric-environmental management \u2013 a case study of Beijing","volume":"63","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1108\/03684921311310620","article-title":"Correlation analysis of sequences with interval grey numbers based on the kernel and greyness degree","volume":"42","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"key2020120602234029100_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.11.052","article-title":"Modelling and forecasting CO2 emissions in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries using a novel multi-variable grey model","volume":"79","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2009.05.001","article-title":"Novel methods on comparing grey numbers","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"Applied Mathematical Modeling"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref023","first-page":"45","article-title":"Grey number sequence forecasting approach for interval analysis: a case of china\u2019s gross domestic product prediction","volume":"26","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Grey System"},{"issue":"21","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.05.022","article-title":"A grey-based rough approximation model for interval data processing","volume":"177","year":"2007","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2015.08.009","article-title":"Triangular fuzzy series forecasting based on grey model and neural network","volume":"40","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Mathematical Modelling"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref027","first-page":"934","article-title":"The absolute degree of grey incidence for grey sequence based on standard grey interval number operation","volume":"41","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref028","first-page":"2590","article-title":"Grey clustering model for interval grey number with variable and fixed weights","volume":"33","year":"2013","journal-title":"Systems Engineering \u2013 Theory & Practice"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020120602234029100_ref029","first-page":"1169","article-title":"A novel fuzzy evidential reasoning paradigm for data fusion with applications in image processing","volume":"10","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soft Computing"}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-10-2016-0040\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-10-2016-0040\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:46:17Z","timestamp":1753404377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/7\/2\/156-167\/86563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/GS-10-2016-0040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/gs-10-2016-0040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2043-9377","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]}}}