{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:07:21Z","timestamp":1774339641041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>China has made tremendous progress in its clean energy transition over the past 2\u00a0decades, with a focus on a diverse mix of renewable energy sources. However, despite this progress, the widespread deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) in China faces significant challenges that could hamper its future development. Addressing these challenges is essential for China to meet its ambitious clean energy targets. This research aims to prioritize country-specific barriers and strategies for solar PV development using the grey analytic hierarchy process (grey-AHP).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the context of solar PV, this research identified 17 country-specific barriers through a systematic literature review. The identified barriers were validated by the experts and were further categorized into six groups: technological, financial, sociocultural, policy and regulatory, infrastructural and geographical. Six strategies were presented to overcome these barriers to solar PV. The grey-AHP model was then applied to assess and prioritize both the barriers and the proposed strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results show that financial challenges and grid integration issues are the most significant barriers to the development of solar PV in China. The findings suggest that research and development may play a fundamental role in addressing these barriers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The grey-AHP model allows a more precise assessment of the relative importance of each barrier and the effectiveness of strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/gs-11-2024-0133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T14:15:36Z","timestamp":1744640136000},"page":"446-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluating underlying barriers and development pathways for photovoltaic solar energy in China using the grey analytic hierarchy process"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6552-6981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail","family":"Kamdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Grey Systems Studies, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Grey Systems Studies, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Management , , Xi\u2019an,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University , , Xi\u2019an,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijft.2024.100795","article-title":"Multi-criteria decision-making approach in assessing the key barriers to the adoption and use of SWH in West Africa\u2013Combination of modified Delphi and Fuzzy AHP","volume":"23","author":"Agyekum","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Thermofluids"},{"issue":"29","key":"2025081310484313000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36765","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09700-5","article-title":"Assessing barriers and solutions for Yemen energy crisis to adopt green and sustainable practices: a fuzzy multi-criteria analysis","volume":"27","author":"Al Asbahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125465","article-title":"Solar photovoltaic energy optimization methods, challenges and issues: a comprehensive review","volume":"284","author":"Al-Shahri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.06.040","article-title":"Prioritizing strategies to eliminate barriers to renewable energy adoption and development in Ghana: a CRITIC-fuzzy TOPSIS approach","volume":"195","author":"Asante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBECS.2010.5462408","article-title":"Grey analytic hierarchy process applied to effectiveness evaluation for crime prevention system","author":"Bu","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2018.04.021","article-title":"Fragmented authorities, institutional misalignments, and challenges to renewable energy transition: a case study of wind power curtailment in China","volume":"41","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Research and Social Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025081310484313000_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1108\/JOCM-04-2017-0102","article-title":"A grey analytic hierarchy process approach to project manager selection","volume":"31","author":"\u00c7elikbilek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Change Management"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2022.112807","article-title":"Regional policy effect on photovoltaic (PV) technology innovation: findings from 260 cities in China","volume":"162","author":"Che","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121186","article-title":"Slow diffusion of renewable energy technologies in China: an empirical analysis from the perspective of innovation system","volume":"261","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2023.101272","article-title":"Evaluation of barriers and solutions to renewable energy acceleration in Malawi, Africa, using AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach","volume":"76","author":"Chisale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy for Sustainable Development"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2019.04.009","article-title":"The role of local governments in the development of China\u2019s solar photovoltaic industry","volume":"130","author":"Corwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122305","article-title":"Overcoming barriers to integrated management systems via developing guiding principles using G-AHP and F-TOPSIS","volume":"239","author":"Darzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.02.030","article-title":"Prioritization of potential barriers to the implementation of solar drying techniques using MCDM tools: a case study and mapping in India","volume":"253","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Solar Energy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsep.2022.101445","article-title":"Jet impingement cooling applications in solar energy technologies: systematic literature review","volume":"34","author":"Eng Ewe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.08.092","article-title":"Sustainable site selection for photovoltaic power plant: an integrated approach based on prospect theory","volume":"174","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Conversion and Management"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2023.02.085","article-title":"Application of solar PV in the building sector: prospects and barriers in the GCC region","volume":"9","author":"Ghaleb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Reports"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2017.10.010","article-title":"Shades of green energy: geographies of small hydropower in Yunnan, China and the challenges of over-development","volume":"49","author":"Hennig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Environmental Change"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2020.03.151","article-title":"Renewable energy and household economy in rural China","volume":"155","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref019","unstructured":"IEA\n           (2024), \u201cSnapshot of global PV markets\u201d, available at:\u2008https:\/\/iea-pvps.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Snapshot-of-Global-PV-Markets-1.pdf (accessed\u200831 August 2024)."},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2022.121524","article-title":"Prioritizing and overcoming biomass energy barriers: application of AHP and G-TOPSIS approaches","volume":"177","author":"Irfan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to grey system theory","volume":"1","author":"Julong","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Grey System"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsep.2023.101797","article-title":"Effects of combined radiation and forced convection on a directly capturing solar energy system","volume":"40","author":"Kazaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.07.012","article-title":"A hybrid decision-making framework for photovoltaic poverty alleviation project site selection under intuitionistic fuzzy environment","volume":"8","author":"Ke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025081310484313000_ref024","first-page":"175","article-title":"Development of the grey analytical hierarchy process: a preliminary study","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Chinese Institute of Environmental Engineering"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110002","article-title":"The expansion of China\u2019s solar energy: challenges and policy options","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.06.012","article-title":"A review of photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects in China: current status, challenge and policy recommendations","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2022.102669","article-title":"National goals or sense of community? Exploring the social-psychological influence of household solar energy adoption in rural China","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Research and Social Science"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2022.102858","article-title":"Evaluating natural resources volatility in an emerging economy: the influence of solar energy development barriers","volume":"78","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resources Policy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120108","article-title":"Do government subsidies promote efficiency in technological innovation of China\u2019s photovoltaic enterprises?","volume":"254","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2024.101408","article-title":"A multi-criteria decision-making model to determine the optimal share of variable renewable energy sources in a wholesale electricity market","volume":"39","author":"Lotfipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025081310484313000_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.3390\/en12091598","article-title":"An analysis on barriers to biomass and bioenergy development in rural China using intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive map","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.03.045","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-Analysis of SWARA and WASPAS methods: theory and applications with recent fuzzy developments","volume":"57","author":"Mardani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2023.117989","article-title":"A robust decision-making approach for the selection of an optimal renewable energy source in India","volume":"301","author":"Mohammad Husain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Conversion and Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025081310484313000_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30937","article-title":"Adoption of residential rooftop solar PV systems in South Africa: a scoping review of barriers","volume":"10","author":"Mutumbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urbmob.2023.100050","article-title":"A two-phase decision making based on the grey analytic hierarchy process for evaluating the issue of park-and-ride facility location","volume":"3","author":"Ortega","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Mobility"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijft.2022.100229","article-title":"Hybrid multi-criteria framework to determine the hierarchy of hydropower reservoirs in India for floatovoltaic installation","volume":"16","author":"Puppala","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Thermofluids"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2024.100390","article-title":"Multi-criteria decision-making method for evaluation of investment in enhanced geothermal systems projects","volume":"17","author":"Raos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy and AI"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2021.103718","article-title":"Phase change material dependency on solar power plant building through examination of energy-saving","volume":"45","author":"Rawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Energy Storage"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2024.101424","article-title":"An integrated fuzzy evaluation of photovoltaic systems adoption barriers in rural island communities of developing economies","volume":"80","author":"Rebucas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy for Sustainable Development"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.09.024","article-title":"Sustainable development of sewage sludge-to-energy in China: barriers identification and technologies prioritization","volume":"67","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025081310484313000_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(77)90033-5","article-title":"A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures","volume":"15","author":"Saaty","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2018.12.019","article-title":"Survey on fuzzy TOPSIS state-of-the-art between 2007 and 2017","volume":"104","author":"Salih","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers and Operations Research"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijft.2023.100323","article-title":"A state-of-the-art review on geothermal energy extraction, utilization, and improvement strategies: conventional, hybridized, and enhanced geothermal systems","volume":"18","author":"Sharmin","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Thermofluids"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2021.03.141","article-title":"Assessing and overcoming the renewable energy barriers for sustainable development in Pakistan: an integrated AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach","volume":"173","author":"Solangi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"15","key":"2025081310484313000_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12209","DOI":"10.1002\/er.5243","article-title":"The achievement, significance and future prospect of China\u2019s renewable energy initiative","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Energy Research"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.12.032","article-title":"China\u2019s solar photovoltaic industry development: the status quo, problems and approaches","volume":"118","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2022.103272","article-title":"Assessment of role of green bond in renewable energy resource development in Japan","volume":"80","author":"Taghizadeh-Hesary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resources Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025081310484313000_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28009","article-title":"Adaptation of solar energy in the Global South: prospects, challenges and opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Ukoba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsep.2022.101313","article-title":"Wind energy potential assessment of selected locations at two major cities in the Dominican Republic, toward energy matrix decarbonization, with resilience approach","volume":"32","author":"Vallejo-D\u00edaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jup.2020.101020","article-title":"Geothermal energy in China: status, challenges, and policy recommendations","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Utilities Policy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.104106","article-title":"Barriers identification, analysis and solutions to rural clean energy infrastructures development in China: government perspective","volume":"86","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025081310484313000_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/jsee.2015.00013","article-title":"Interval grey number sequence prediction by using non-homogenous exponential discrete grey forecasting model","volume":"26","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2019.101541","article-title":"Study of China\u2019s optimal solar photovoltaic power development path to 2050","volume":"65","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resources Policy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110636","article-title":"Barriers and potential solutions to the diffusion of solar photovoltaics from the public-private-people partnership perspective \u2013 case study of Norway","volume":"137","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.10.043","article-title":"Technical and economic assessment of RES penetration by modelling China\u2019s existing energy system","volume":"165","author":"You","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsep.2023.102082","article-title":"Phase change materials in solar photovoltaics: bibliometric analysis, role in achieving sustainability, challenges and barriers","volume":"45","author":"Yousef","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025081310484313000_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5267\/j.dsl.2013.12.002","article-title":"Performance evaluation of services quality in higher education institutions using modified SERVQUAL approach with grey analytic hierarchy process (G-AHP) and multilevel grey evaluation","volume":"3","author":"Zareinejad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Decision Science Letters"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.11.053","article-title":"Market dynamics, innovation, and transition in China\u2019s solar photovoltaic (PV) industry: a critical review","volume":"69","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"2025081310484313000_ref059","unstructured":"Statista\n           (2024), \u201cCumulative installations of solar PV capacity worldwide from 2015 to 2023, with a forecast until 2028\u201d, available at:\u2008https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1024067\/forecast-for-total-installations-of-solar-energy-capacity\/ (accessed\u200831 August 2024)."}],"container-title":["Grey Systems: Theory and Application"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/GS-11-2024-0133\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article-pdf\/15\/3\/446\/10069991\/gs-11-2024-0133.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article-pdf\/15\/3\/446\/10069991\/gs-11-2024-0133.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T14:48:50Z","timestamp":1755096530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/gs\/article\/15\/3\/446\/1274953\/Evaluating-underlying-barriers-and-development"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/gs-11-2024-0133","relation":{},"ISSN":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2043-9377","type":"print"},{"value":"2043-9385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]}}}