{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:19:09Z","timestamp":1780481949746,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ICS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aims to examine the influence of response awareness on behavioral intent, and introduces instructional self-efficacy, a construct rarely examined within the context of information security (ISec).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A Web-based survey was conducted and a total of 211 valid responses were analyzed. The relationships among response awareness, instructional self-efficacy and behavioral intent were examined through a three-phase structural equation modeling analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results indicate that even at low levels, response awareness has a strong influential effect on the behavioral intent to perform the secure response and on the self-efficacy to instruct others to perform the response. Instructional self-efficacy was also found to be a significant predictor of behavioral intent to perform the response. Finally, evidence was found indicating instructional self-efficacy fully mediates the response awareness to the behavioral intent relationship.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Because of the characteristics of the population, the focus on a single ISec response and the dependent variable of behavioral intent rather than actual behavior, the generalizability of the findings is impacted.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results contribute to practice by confirming the importance of response awareness and of instructional self-efficacy within an ISec context. Specific implications include the indication that informal communications about ISec issues among peers should be encouraged and that instructional self-efficacy should be targeted within ISec awareness training programs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper\u2019s parsimonious model defined response awareness as vicarious experience with a response and presented instructional self-efficacy, a construct novel to ISec studies that was found to be a significant influence within the relationship between response awareness and behavioral intent.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ics-05-2018-0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T06:44:39Z","timestamp":1561531479000},"page":"489-507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Response awareness and instructional self-efficacy: influences on intent"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Leigh A.","family":"Mutchler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref001","unstructured":"AAPOR (2012), \u201cOpt-in surveys and margin of error\u201d, available at: http:\/\/aapor.org\/Opt_In_Surveys_and_Margin_of_Error1\/4195.htm (accessed 27 October 2012)."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref002","first-page":"321","article-title":"When more isn\u2019t necessarily better: conceptualization and use of the experience construct in IS research","volume-title":"The 39th Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute in Baltimore, MD","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref003","volume-title":"Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411","article-title":"Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach","volume":"103","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1145\/3130515.3130518","article-title":"Review of IS security policy compliance: toward the building blocks of an IS security theory","volume":"48","year":"2017","journal-title":"The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206311410606","article-title":"On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited","volume":"38","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1145\/3130515.3130519","article-title":"From information security awareness to reasoned compliance action: analyzing information security policy compliance in a large banking organization","volume":"48","year":"2017","journal-title":"The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2015\/39.4.5","article-title":"What do systems users have to fear? Using fear appeals to engender threats and fear that motivate protective security behaviors","volume":"39","year":"2015","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2307\/25750690","article-title":"Information security policy compliance: an empirical study of rationality-based beliefs and information security awareness","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref011","volume-title":"Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming","year":"2010","edition":"2nd ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1086\/208856","article-title":"Designing research for application","volume":"8","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1080.0180","article-title":"Configuration of and interaction between information security technologies: the case of firewalls and intrusion detection systems","volume":"20","year":"2009","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/15536548.2005.10855772","article-title":"Perceptions of information security in the workplace: linking information security climate to compliant behavior","volume":"1","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Information Privacy and Security"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2015.11645767","article-title":"Impacts of comprehensive information security programs on information security culture","volume":"55","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Information Systems"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2013.09.009","article-title":"Understanding the violation of IS security policy in organizations: an integrated model based on social control and deterrence theory","volume":"39","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers and Security"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.14.2.189.16018","article-title":"Partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion\/adoption study","volume":"14","year":"2003","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.01.024","article-title":"The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on Taiwanese university student: a mediation model of learning self-efficacy and social self-efficacy","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref019","unstructured":"Cobb, M. (2015), \u201c2015 Strategic security survey\u201d, available at: http:\/\/reports.informationweek.com\/abstract\/21\/12549\/Security\/2015-Strategic-Security-Survey.html (accessed 5 January 2016)."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref020","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","year":"1988"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2012.09.010","article-title":"Future directions for behavioral information security research","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers and Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1070.0160","article-title":"User awareness of security countermeasures and its impact on information systems misuse: a deterrence approach","volume":"20","year":"2009","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2014.12.006","article-title":"Improving the information security culture through monitoring and implementation actions illustrated through a case study","volume":"49","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers and Security"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2016.07.003","article-title":"Impacts of security climate on employees\u2019 sharing of security advice and troubleshooting: empirical networks","volume":"59","year":"2016","journal-title":"Business Horizons"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref025","unstructured":"Daugherty, P., Banerjee, P. and Biltz, M.J. (2015), \u201cDigital business era: stretch your boundaries\u201d, available at: www.accenture.com\/us-en\/accenture-technology-labs-index (accessed 19 February 2015)."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref026","volume-title":"International Handbook of Survey Methodology","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447803800404","article-title":"On the occurrence of standardized regression coefficients greater than one","volume":"38","year":"1978","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00133","article-title":"The centrality of awareness in the formation of user behavioral intention toward protective information technologies","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref029","unstructured":"Gaskin, J. (2017), \u201cCommon method bias\u201d, available at: http:\/\/statwiki.kolobkreations.com (accessed 15 July 2017)."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/TPC.2014.2374011","article-title":"A path to successful management of employee security compliance: an empirical study of information security climate","volume":"57","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref031","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","year":"2010","edition":"7th ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/10580530.2015.1117842","article-title":"Impact of users\u2019 security awareness on desktop security behavior: a protection motivation theory perspective","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Systems Management"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref033","unstructured":"Hernandez, P. (2018), \u201cDesigning employee security awareness training that works\u201d, available at: www.esecurityplanet.com\/threats\/employee-security-awareness-training-that-works.html (accessed 31 August 2018)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2011.12.005","article-title":"Applying an extended model of deterrence across cultures: an investigation of information systems misuse in the US and South Korea","volume":"49","year":"2012","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2013.10.001","article-title":"Information systems security policy compliance: an empirical study of the effects of socialisation, influence, and cognition","volume":"51","year":"2014","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1145\/1104004.1104010","article-title":"A longitudinal study of information system threat categories: the enduring problem of human error","volume":"36","year":"2005","journal-title":"ACM SIGMIS Database"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref037","unstructured":"INFOSEC (2017), \u201cINFOSEC institute AwareEd\u201d, available at: www.infosecinstitute.com\/aware-ed (accessed 21 May 2017)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/25750691","article-title":"Fear appeals and information security behaviors: an empirical study","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2015.15","article-title":"Dispositional and situational factors: influences on information security policy violations","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2015\/39.1.06","article-title":"An enhanced fear appeal rhetorical framework: leveraging threats to the human asset through sanctioning rhetoric","volume":"39","year":"2015","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/joeuc.2013010101","article-title":"Engaging remote employees: the moderating role of \u2018remote\u2019 status in determining employee information security policy awareness","volume":"25","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational and End User Computing"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref042","unstructured":"J\u00f6reskog, K.G. (1999), \u201cHow large can a standardized coefficient be?\u201d, available at: www.ssicentral.com\/lisrel\/HowLargeCanaStandardizedCoefficientbe.pdf (accessed 3 August 2017)."},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00274","article-title":"Toward a new meta-theory for designing information systems (IS) security training approaches","volume":"12","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref044","unstructured":"Kemper, G. (2018), \u201cEmployee awareness of IT security threats\u201d, available at: https:\/\/clutch.co\/it-services\/resources\/employee-awareness-it-security-threats (accessed 31 August 2018)."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2006.02.008","article-title":"A prototype for assessing information security awareness","volume":"25","year":"2006","journal-title":"Computers and Security"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2016.02.004","article-title":"Understanding information security stress: focusing on the type of information security compliance activity","volume":"59","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers and Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref047","article-title":"Illegal, inappropriate, and unethical behavior in an information technology context: a study to explain influences","volume":"1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.065","article-title":"Individual differences and information security awareness","volume":"69","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2307\/23044045","article-title":"Construct measurement and validation procedures in MIS and behavioral research: integrating new and existing techniques","volume":"35","year":"2011","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref050","article-title":"Data loss from storage device failure: an empirical study of protection motivation","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.9.2.126","article-title":"The multilevel and multifaceted character of computer self-efficacy: toward clarification of the construct and an integrative framework for research","volume":"9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1145\/506724.506730","article-title":"Extending the acceptance model: the influence of perceived user resources","volume":"32","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACM SIGMIS Database"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2014.03.007","article-title":"Pre-service teachers\u2019 sense of efficacy: relationship to academic ability, student teaching placement characteristcs, and mentor support","volume":"41","year":"2014","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2009.10","article-title":"What levels of moral reasoning and values explain adherence to information security rules? An empirical study","volume":"18","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref055","volume-title":"Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications","year":"2003"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref056","unstructured":"Newcombe, T. (2016), \u201cCan security awareness training change behavior and reduce risk?\u201d, available at: www.govtech.com\/security\/Can-Security-Awareness-Training-Change-Behavior-and-Reduce-Risk.html (accessed 14 October 2018)."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2008.11.010","article-title":"Studying users\u2019 computer security behavior: a health belief perspective","volume":"46","year":"2009","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref058","first-page":"231","article-title":"Factors that influence information security behavior: an Australian web-based study","volume-title":"Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy, and Trust. HAS 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 9190, Los Angeles, CA","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref060","first-page":"767","article-title":"Improving employees\u2019 compliance through information systems security training: an action research study","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref061","unstructured":"Qualtrics (2009), \u201cQualtrics\u201d, available at: www.qualtrics.com (accessed 24 January 2014)."},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2009.05.008","article-title":"Self-efficacy in information security: its influence on end users\u2019 information security practice behavior","volume":"28","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computers and Security"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2015.05.012","article-title":"Information security conscious care behaviour formation in organizations","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers and Security"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref064","unstructured":"SANS (2017), \u201cSecurity awareness training for end users\u201d, available at: https:\/\/securingthehuman.sans.org\/security-awareness-training\/enduser (accessed 21 May 2017)."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref065","unstructured":"Schulze, H. (2018), \u201cInsider threat 2018 report presented by CA technologies\u201d, available at: www.ca.com\/content\/dam\/ca\/us\/files\/ebook\/insider-threat-report.pdf (accessed 12 May 2018)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2307\/25750688","article-title":"Neutralization: new insights into the problem of employee information systems security policy violations","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref067","unstructured":"SpectorSoft (2015), \u201cInsider threat spotlight report\u201d, available at: www.spectorsoft.com\/resources\/infographics\/insider-threat-spotlight-report\/ (accessed 5 January 2016)."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref068","unstructured":"Stanganelli, J. (2013), \u201cHow to fight social engineering\u201d, available at: www.esecurityplanet.com\/network-security\/how-to-fight-social-engineering.html (accessed 26 April 2015)."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref069","volume-title":"CISSP: Certified Information Systems Security Professional Study Guide","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref070","unstructured":"Symantec (2015), \u201cInternet security threat report (ISTR), volume 20\u201d, available at: www.symantec.com\/about\/news\/resources\/press_kits\/detail.jsp?pkid=istr-20 (accessed 13 May 2015)."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref071","volume-title":"Multivariate Statistics","year":"2007","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref072","article-title":"Employee ISP compliance intentions: an empirical test of empowerment","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2002.11045727","article-title":"Development of a measure for the organizational learning construct","volume":"19","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2006.05.003","article-title":"The differential antecedents of self-efficacy beliefs of novice and experience teachers","volume":"23","year":"2007","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref075","first-page":"190","article-title":"Motivating IS security compliance: insights from habit and protection motivation theory","volume":"49","year":"2012","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2307\/3250981","article-title":"Why don\u2019t men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence, and their role in technology acceptance and usage behavior","volume":"24","year":"2000","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021102014190726800_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2010.72","article-title":"The influence of the informal social learning environment on information privacy policy compliance efficacy and intention","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref078","article-title":"Chapter 54: behavioral information security management","volume-title":"Computing Handbook: Information Systems and Information Technology","year":"2014","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref079","first-page":"367","article-title":"A protection motivation theory approach to home wireless security","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2016.09.009","article-title":"Employees\u2019 information security policy compliance: a norm activation perspective","volume":"92","year":"2016","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.038","article-title":"Teacher self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, and computer self-efficacy as predictors of attitude toward applying computer-supported education","volume":"64","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"key2021102014190726800_ref082","unstructured":"Zetter, K. (2015), \u201cHacker lexicon: a guide to ransomware, the scary hack that\u2019s on the rise\u201d, available at: www.wired.com\/2015\/09\/hacker-lexicon-guide-ransomware-scary-hack-thats-rise\/ (accessed 14 November 2015)."}],"container-title":["Information &amp; Computer Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ICS-05-2018-0061\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ICS-05-2018-0061\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T01:22:55Z","timestamp":1753406575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ics\/article\/27\/4\/489-507\/190391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/ICS-05-2018-0061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ics-05-2018-0061","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4961","2056-4961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4961","type":"print"},{"value":"2056-4961","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]}}}