{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:25:52Z","timestamp":1759134352455,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ICS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"abstract":"\nPurpose<\/jats:title>\nThis paper aims to evaluate the effect of multi-touch behaviours on creating Android unlock patterns (AUPs) by realising that users can perform more actions in touch-enabled mobile phones.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nDesign\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\nThe author conducted two user studies with a total of 45 participates and performed two major experiments in the main user study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nFindings<\/jats:title>\nThe user study indicates that the multi-touch behaviours can have a positive impact on creating patterns; however, there are only nine touchable points for the original AUPs, which may reduce the usability when performing a multi-touch movement.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResearch limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\nAn even larger user study could be conducted to further analyse the patterns generated by users, that is, to analyse the specific password space by integrating the behaviours of multi-touch and to involve more types of multi-touch behaviours in creating an AUP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPractical implications<\/jats:title>\nThis work explores the effect of multi-touch movement on creating AUPs. The results should be of interest for software developers and security researchers for exploring the effect of multi-touch behaviours on the creation of graphical passwords on mobile phones.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nOriginality\/value<\/jats:title>\nThe author conducts two user studies with a total of 45 participants to investigate the impact of multi-touch behaviours on creating AUPs. In addition, to address the issue of usability, the author proposes two ways: increasing the number of touchable points and improve the rules of pattern creation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ics-12-2014-0078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]],"date-time":"2016-07-06T07:28:41Z","timestamp":1467790121000},"page":"277-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evaluating the effect of multi-touch behaviours on Android unlock patterns"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Weizhi","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"first-page":"1","article-title":"A pilot study on the security of pattern screen-lock methods and soft side channel attacks","year":"2013","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref001"},{"key":"key2020121420335121300_ref002","unstructured":"Berkeley Churchill. (2013), \u201cUnlock pattern generator\u201d, available at: www.berkeleychurchill.com\/software\/android-pwgen\/pwgen.php"},{"year":"1996","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref003","article-title":"Graphical passwords"},{"key":"key2020121420335121300_ref004","first-page":"359","article-title":"Graphical password authentication using cued click points","volume":"4734","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of ESORICS, LNCS"},{"first-page":"151","article-title":"On user choice in graphical password schemes","year":"2004","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref005"},{"first-page":"987","article-title":"Touch me once and I know it\u2019s You!: implicit authentication based on touch screen patterns","year":"2012","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref006"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"A closer look at recognition-based graphical passwords on mobile devices","year":"2010","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref007"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"The design and analysis of graphical passwords","year":"1999","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref008"},{"first-page":"1647","article-title":"Can I borrow your phone?: understanding concerns when sharing mobile phones","year":"2009","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref009"},{"first-page":"161","article-title":"Graphical Passwords and qualitative spatial relations","year":"2007","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref010"},{"first-page":"39","article-title":"Designing click-draw based graphical password scheme for better authentication","year":"2012","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref011"},{"first-page":"55","article-title":"Enhancing click-draw based graphical passwords using multi-touch on mobile phones","year":"2013","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref013"},{"first-page":"331","article-title":"Touch gestures based biometric authentication scheme for touchscreen mobile phones","year":"2012","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref012"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref014","first-page":"523","article-title":"Pictorial superiority effect","volume":"2","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory"},{"key":"key2020121420335121300_ref015","unstructured":"Passfaces (2013), available at: www.realuser.com\/"},{"key":"key2020121420335121300_ref016","unstructured":"SplashData, Inc (2013), \u201cPassword unseated by \u2018123456\u2019 on SplashData\u2019s annual worst passwords list\u201d, available at: http:\/\/splashdata.com\/press\/worstpasswords2013.html"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref017","first-page":"273","article-title":"Pass-go: a proposal to improve the usability of graphical passwords","volume":"7","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Network Security"},{"first-page":"161","article-title":"Quantifying the security of graphical passwords: the case of android unlock patterns","year":"2013","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref018"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref019","first-page":"102","article-title":"Passpoints: design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system","volume":"63","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"Authen-tication using graphical passwords: effects of tolerance and image choice","year":"2005","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref020"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020121420335121300_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2004.81","article-title":"Password memorability and security: empirical results","volume":"2","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Security and Privacy"}],"container-title":["Information & Computer Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/ICS-12-2014-0078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ICS-12-2014-0078\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/ICS-12-2014-0078\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T01:23:24Z","timestamp":1753406604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ics\/article\/24\/3\/277-287\/106496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/ICS-12-2014-0078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ics-12-2014-0078","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4961"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2056-4961"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]}}}