{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:21:54Z","timestamp":1773055314349,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Tsinghua University Press","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) market and requirement, low power wide area (LPWA) technologies have become popular. In various LPWA technologies, Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) and long range (LoRa) are two main leading competitive technologies. Compared with NB-IoT networks, which are mainly built and managed by mobile network operators, LoRa wide area networks (LoRaWAN) are mainly operated by private companies or organizations, which suggests two issues: trust of the private network operators and lack of network coverage. This study aims to propose a conceptual architecture design of a blockchain built-in solution for LoRaWAN network servers to solve these two issues for LoRaWAN IoT solution.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study proposed modeling, model analysis and architecture design.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proposed solution uses the blockchain technology to build an open, trusted, decentralized and tamper-proof system, which provides the indisputable mechanism to verify that the data of a transaction has existed at a specific time in the network.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that integrates blockchain technology and LoRaWAN IoT technology.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijcs-08-2017-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T09:50:42Z","timestamp":1511949042000},"page":"270-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Using blockchain to build trusted LoRaWAN sharing server"],"prefix":"10.26599","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11138","reference":[{"key":"ref10","year":"2017","journal-title":"LoRa Alliance Technology"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2017","journal-title":"LoRaWAN&#x2122; Security Full End-to-End encryption for IoT application providers"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"21","article-title":"Blockchain value system","author":"morabito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Business Innovation Through Blockchain"},{"key":"ref13","author":"nakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bitcoin A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData.2016.102"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3010089.3016027"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2017.03.004"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917634"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2566339"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2664243.2664267"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Gartner says 8.4 billion connected &#x2018;things&#x2019; will be in use in 2017","year":"2017","journal-title":"Up 31 Per cent From 2016"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2015","journal-title":"LoRaWAN Specification v1 0"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICACT.2017.7890132"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCC-SmartCity-DSS.2016.0198"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT)"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"LPWA technologies unlock new IoT market potential","year":"2015","journal-title":"Machina Research"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Crowd Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJCS-08-2017-0010\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJCS-08-2017-0010\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T13:58:08Z","timestamp":1657634288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJCS-08-2017-0010\/full\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJCS-08-2017-0010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijcs-08-2017-0010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-7294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-7294","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]}}}