{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T12:01:15Z","timestamp":1775131275496,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Tsinghua University Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collective intelligence has drawn many scientists\u2019 attention in many centuries. This paper shows the collective intelligence study process in a perspective of crowd science.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>After summarizing the time-order process of related researches, different points of views on collective intelligence\u2019s measurement and their modeling methods were outlined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors show the recent research focusing on collective intelligence optimization. The studies on application of collective intelligence and its future potential are also discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper will help researchers in crowd science have a better picture of this highly related frontier interdiscipline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijcs-08-2017-0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T09:07:02Z","timestamp":1523437622000},"page":"64-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Literature review on collective intelligence: a crowd science 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