{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:13:34Z","timestamp":1768522414408,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Tsinghua University Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJCS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aims to adapt and computerize the Trail Making Test (TMT) to support long-term self-assessment of cognitive abilities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors propose a divide-and-combine (DAC) approach for generating different instances of TMT that can be used in repeated assessments with nearly no discernible practice effects. In the DAC approach, partial trails are generated separately in different layers and then combined to form a complete TMT trail.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proposed approach was implemented in a computerized test application called <jats:italic>iTMT<\/jats:italic>. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate <jats:italic>iTMT<\/jats:italic>. The results show that the instances of TMT generated by the DAC approach had an adequate level of difficulty. <jats:italic>iTMT<\/jats:italic> also achieved a stronger construct validity, higher test\u2013retest reliability and significantly reduced practice effects than existing computerized tests.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The preliminary results suggest that <jats:italic>iTMT<\/jats:italic> is suitable for long-term monitoring of cognitive abilities. By supporting self-assessment, <jats:italic>iTMT<\/jats:italic> also can help to crowdsource the assessment processes, which need to be administered by healthcare professionals conventionally, to the patients themselves.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijcs-12-2016-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T07:27:42Z","timestamp":1495006062000},"page":"83-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Computerizing Trail Making Test for long-term cognitive self-assessment"],"prefix":"10.26599","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"11138","reference":[{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639508405143"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1475"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs012"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044509"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090626"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.13.050192.002421"},{"key":"ref16","author":"smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Creation of a more accurate and predictive Trail Making Test"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198812293192604"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200675"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199611)52:6<651::AID-JCLP7>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390902881934"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282907301592"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390701390483"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.12.003"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"12","article-title":"Using motor patterns for stroke detection","volume":"350","author":"chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science (Advances in Computational Psychophysiology)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.22.6.510"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.11.005"},{"key":"ref1","year":"1944","journal-title":"Manual of Directions and Scoring"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.6.1.71"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acr024"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.104.3.785-791"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124345"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00039-8"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"151","article-title":"Trail making without trails: the use of a pen computer task for assessing effects of brain injury","volume":"2","author":"fryer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Crowd Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJCS-12-2016-0002\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJCS-12-2016-0002\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T16:22:54Z","timestamp":1660839774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJCS-12-2016-0002\/full\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJCS-12-2016-0002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijcs-12-2016-0002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-7294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-7294","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]}}}