{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T04:04:19Z","timestamp":1776657859393,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJICC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-objective differential evolution algorithm named as MOMR-DE to resolve multicast routing problem. In mobile ad hoc network (MANET), multicast routing is a non-deterministic polynomial -complete problem that deals with the various objectives and constraints. Quality of service (QoS) in the multicast routing problem mainly depends on cost, delay, jitter and bandwidth. So the cost, delay, jitter and bandwidth are always considered as multi-objective for designing multicast routing protocols. However, mobile node battery energy is finite and the network lifetime depends on node battery energy. If the battery power consumption is high in any one of the nodes, the chances of network\u2019s life reduction due to path breaks are also more. On the other hand, node\u2019s battery energy had to be consumed to guarantee high-level QoS in multicast routing to transmit correct data anywhere and at any time. Hence, the network lifetime should be considered as one objective of the multi-objective in the multicast routing problem.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Recently, many metaheuristic algorithms formulate the multicast routing problem as a single-objective problem, although it obviously is a multi-objective optimization problem. In the MOMR-DE, the network lifetime, cost, delay, jitter and bandwidth are considered as five objectives. Furthermore, three QoS constraints which are maximum allowed delay, maximum allowed jitter and minimum requested bandwidth are included. In addition, we modify the crossover and mutation operators to build the shortest-path multicast tree to maximize network lifetime and bandwidth, minimize cost, delay and jitter.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two sets of experiments are conducted and compared with other algorithms for these problems. The simulation results show that our proposed method is capable of achieving faster convergence and is more preferable for multicast routing in MANET.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In MANET, most metaheuristic algorithms formulate the multicast routing problem as a single-objective problem. However, this paper proposes a multi-objective differential evolution algorithm to resolve multicast routing problem, and the proposed algorithm is capable of achieving faster convergence and more preferable for multicast routing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijicc-02-2017-0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T19:25:36Z","timestamp":1517253936000},"page":"121-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A multi-objective multicast routing optimization based on differential evolution in MANET"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wenhong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoquan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2012.01.023","article-title":"Bee life-based multi constraints multicast routing optimization for vehicular ad hoc networks","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.06.043","article-title":"A genetic algorithm based on extended sequence and topology encoding for the multicast protocol in two-tiered WSN","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref003","first-page":"890","article-title":"A grid-based adaptive multi-objective differential evolution algorithm","volume":"367-368","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref004","first-page":"270","article-title":"A surrogate-assisted evolution strategy for constrained multi-objective optimization","volume":"57","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2008.03.019","article-title":"Harmony search based algorithms for bandwidth-delay-constrained least-cost","volume":"31","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"key":"key2020093000224557200_ref006","first-page":"240","article-title":"A tutorial on the performance assessment of stochastic multiobjective optimizers","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2239988","article-title":"Differential evolution with ranking-based mutation operators","volume":"43","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"key":"key2020093000224557200_ref008","first-page":"64","article-title":"A comparative analysis of mobility-based lifetime-aware multicast routing protocols for MANETs","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-7051(03)00032-7","article-title":"GA-based heuristic algorithms for QoS based multicast routing","volume":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"Knowledge Based System"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2009.03.004","article-title":"Using particle swam optimization for QoS in ad hoc multicast","volume":"22","year":"2009","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.06.020","article-title":"A near-optimal multicast scheme for mobile ad hoc networks using a hybrid genetic algorithm","volume":"33","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-014-1269-x","article-title":"Genetic algorithm with ensemble of immigrant strategies for multicast routing in ad hoc networks","volume":"19","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-012-0976-4","article-title":"Improved genetic algorithm using different genetic operator combinations (GOCs) for multicast routing in ad hoc networks","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref013","first-page":"381","article-title":"A GA-based QoS multicast routing algorithm for large-scale networks","volume":"5","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-com:20030649","article-title":"Reliable multicast routing in mobile networks: a neural-network approach","volume":"150","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEE Proceedings: Communications"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7895","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2563164","article-title":"Control plane optimization in software defined vehicular ad-Hoc networks","volume":"65","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (TVT)"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/IJICC-06-2015-0018","article-title":"An evolutionary algorithm approach for the constrained multi-depot vehicle routing problem","volume":"9","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2570740","article-title":"ActiveTrust: secure and trustable routing in wireless sensor networks","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3233\/JHS-150522","article-title":"A velocity and neighbor density-based broadcast scheme in mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"21","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of High Speed Networks"},{"key":"key2020093000224557200_ref020","first-page":"51","article-title":"Application of differential evolution for maximizing the loadability limit of transmission system during contingency","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving, SocProS 2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref021","first-page":"677","article-title":"Least cost generation expansion planning with solar power plant using Differential Evolution algorithm","volume":"85","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1109\/49.564132","article-title":"Evaluation of multicast routing algorithms for real-time communication on high-speed networks","volume":"15","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328","article-title":"Differential evolution \u2013 a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces","volume":"11","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2007.11.006","article-title":"Multiple constraints QoS multicast routing optimization algorithm min MANET based on GA","volume":"18","year":"2008","journal-title":"Progress in Natural Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2010.08.001","article-title":"QoS multicast routing using a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm","volume":"24","year":"2011","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-010-0169-3","article-title":"An adaptive energy-aware multi-path routing strategy with load balance for wireless sensor networks","volume":"63","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref027","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feature-aware cooperative relaying for multi-flow wireless sensor network","volume":"2013","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.08.018","article-title":"Ant colony-based algorithm for constructing broadcasting tree with degree and delay constraints","volume":"35","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"key2020093000224557200_ref029","first-page":"257","article-title":"Differential evolution versus genetic algorithms in multiobjective optimization","year":"2007"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.03.065","article-title":"A tree-growth based ant colony algorithm for QoS multicast routing problem","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref032","first-page":"124","article-title":"An adaptive multi-population differential evolution algorithm for continuous multi-objective optimization","volume":"348","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2006.02.015","article-title":"QoS multicast routing for multimedia group communications using intelligent computational methods","volume":"29","year":"2006","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref033","first-page":"207","article-title":"Constrained differential evolution with multiobjective sorting mutation operators for constrained optimization","volume":"33","year":"2015","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref034","first-page":"1410","article-title":"Multi-objective constrained differential evolution using generalized opposition-based learning","volume":"53","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computer Research and Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2007.10.033","article-title":"A genetic algorithm for energy-efficient based multicast routing on MANETs","volume":"31","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2010.10.008","article-title":"Flooding-limited and multi-constrained QoS multicast routing based on the genetic algorithm for MANETs","volume":"53","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2008.09.023","article-title":"A method for least-cost QoS multicast routing based on genetic simulated annealing algorithm","volume":"32","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref038","first-page":"132","article-title":"A novel differential evolution algorithm using local abstract convex underestimate strategy for global optimization","volume":"75","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers and Operations Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020093000224557200_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2003.810758","article-title":"Performance assessment of multiobjective optimizers: an analysis and review","volume":"7","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJICC-02-2017-0016\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJICC-02-2017-0016\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:54:05Z","timestamp":1753397645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijicc\/article\/11\/1\/121-140\/117883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJICC-02-2017-0016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijicc-02-2017-0016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-378X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-378X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]}}}