{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:42:28Z","timestamp":1754156548602,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]],"date-time":"2014-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The working hypothesis, on which this paper is built, is that it is advantageous to look at protocols of robot rehabilitation in the general context of human-robot interaction in haptic dyads. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method to detect and evaluate an index of active participation (AC<\/jats:italic> index), underlying the performance of robot-assisted movements. This is important for avoiding the slacking phenomenon that affects robot therapy. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The evaluation of the AC<\/jats:italic> index is based on a novel technique of assistance which does not use constant or elastic forces but trains of small force impulses, with amplitude adapted to the level of impairment and a frequency of 2\u2009Hz, which is suggested by recent results in the field of intermittent motor control. A preliminary feasibility test of the proposed method was carried out during a haptic reaching task in the absence of visual feedback, for a group of five stroke patients and an equal group of healthy subjects. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The AC<\/jats:italic> index appears to be stable and sensitive to training in both populations of subjects. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The main original element of this study is the proposal of the new AC<\/jats:italic> index of voluntary control associated with the new method of pulsed haptic interaction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijicc-10-2013-0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T14:11:15Z","timestamp":1406643075000},"page":"267-288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterizing the human-robot haptic dyad in robot therapy of stroke survivors"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Dalia","family":"De Santis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Zenzeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Casadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Masia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Squeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Morasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020123000043646100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbagli, F.\n , \n Salisbury, K.\n , \n Ho, C.\n , \n Spence, C.\n and \n Tan, H.Z.\n (2006), \u201cHaptic discrimination of force direction and the influence of visual information\u201d, ACM Trans. on Applied Perception, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 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