{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:56:41Z","timestamp":1762005401349,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJPCC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to extensively explore the vehicular network paradigm, challenges faced by them and provide a reasonable solution for securing these vulnerable networks. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has brought the long-anticipated goal of safe, convenient and sustainable transportation closer to reality. The connected vehicle (CV) paradigm is critical to the intelligent transportation systems vision. It imagines a society free of a troublesome transportation system burdened by gridlock, fatal accidents and a polluted environment. The authors cannot overstate the importance of CVs in solving long-standing mobility issues and making travel safer and more convenient. It is high time to explore vehicular networks in detail to suggest solutions to the challenges encountered by these highly dynamic networks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper compiles research on various V2X topics, from a comprehensive overview of V2X networks to their unique characteristics and challenges. In doing so, the authors identify multiple issues encountered by V2X communication networks due to their open communication nature and high mobility, especially from a security perspective. Thus, this paper proposes a trust-based model to secure vehicular networks. The proposed approach uses the communicating nodes\u2019 behavior to establish trustworthy relationships. The proposed model only allows trusted nodes to communicate among themselves while isolating malicious nodes to achieve secure communication.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite the benefits offered by V2X networks, they have associated challenges. As the number of CVs on the roads increase, so does the attack surface. Connected cars provide numerous safety-critical applications that, if compromised, can result in fatal consequences. While cryptographic mechanisms effectively prevent external attacks, various studies propose trust-based models to complement cryptographic solutions for dealing with internal attacks. While numerous trust-based models have been proposed, there is room for improvement in malicious node detection and complexity. Optimizing the number of nodes considered in trust calculation can reduce the complexity of state-of-the-art solutions. The theoretical analysis of the proposed model exhibits an improvement in trust calculation, better malicious node detection and fewer computations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proposed model is the first to add another dimension to trust calculation by incorporating opinions about recommender nodes. The added dimension improves the trust calculation resulting in better performance in thwarting attacks and enhancing security while also reducing the trust calculation complexity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijpcc-04-2022-0164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:19:55Z","timestamp":1673569195000},"page":"56-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A systematic study on the challenges, characteristics and security issues in vehicular networks"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Faisal","family":"Lone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harsh Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna Pal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key2024111112015843200_ref001","first-page":"196","article-title":"Li-aodv: lifetime improving AODV routing for detecting and removing black-hole attack from VANET","volume":"95","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2024111112015843200_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718815054","article-title":"Systematic literature review on internet-of-vehicles communication security","volume":"14","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2024111112015843200_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2967568","article-title":"Marine: man-in-the-middle attack resistant trust model in connected vehicles","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"key2024111112015843200_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2019.02.002","article-title":"Authentication and privacy schemes for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs): a survey","volume":"16","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vehicular Communications"},{"key":"key2024111112015843200_ref005","first-page":"799","article-title":"Protecting code injection attacks in intelligent transportation system","volume-title":"Proceedings - 2019 18th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications\/13th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering, TrustCom\/BigDataSE 2019","year":"2019"},{"first-page":"49","article-title":"Congestion mitigation in densely crowded environments for augmenting QoS in vehicular clouds","year":"2018","key":"key2024111112015843200_ref006"},{"key":"key2024111112015843200_ref007","first-page":"302","article-title":"Multicruise: eco-lane selection strategy with eco-cruise control for connected and automated vehicles","volume-title":"IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2024111112015843200_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.treng.2021.100065","article-title":"Benefits of connected vehicle signalized left-turn assist: simulation-based study","volume":"4","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024111112015843200_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6515060","article-title":"LTE for vehicular networking: a survey","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"key2024111112015843200_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196212","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3034299","article-title":"Pay as you go: a generic crypto tolling architecture","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2024111112015843200_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981211015247","article-title":"Assessment of queue warning application on signalized intersections for connected freight vehicles","volume":"2675","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"},{"key":"key2024111112015843200_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2017.10.002","article-title":"Security and privacy in vehicular communications: challenges and opportunities","volume":"10","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vehicular Communications"},{"key":"key2024111112015843200_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79694","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2922236","article-title":"Privacy management in social internet of vehicles: review, challenges and blockchain based solutions","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"year":"2021","key":"key2024111112015843200_ref014","article-title":"What is the CIA triad? 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