{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T21:55:53Z","timestamp":1774734953237,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJPCC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Quality communication is a big challenge in mobile <jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic> networks because of a restricted environment for mobile devices, bandwidth-constrained radio connections, random mobility of connected devices, etc. High-quality communication through wireless links mainly depends on available bandwidth, link stability, energy of nodes, etc. Many researchers proposed stability and link quality methods to improve these issues, but they still require optimization. This study aims to contribute towards better quality communication in temporarily formed networks. The authors propose the stable and bandwidth aware dynamic routing (SBADR) protocol with the aim to provide an efficient, stable path with sufficient bandwidth and enough energy hold nodes for all types of quality of service (QoS) data communication.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The proposal made in this work used received signal strength from the media access control (MAC) layer to estimate the stability of the radio connection. The proposed path stability model combines the stability of the individual link to compute path stability. The amount of bandwidth available for communication at a specific time on a link is defined as the available link bandwidth that is understood as the maximum throughput of that link. Bandwidth as a QoS parameter ensures high-quality communication for every application in such a network. One other improvement, towards quality data transmission, is made by incorporating residual energies of communicating and receiving nodes in the calculation of available link bandwidth.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Communication quality in mobile <jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic> network (MANET) does not depend on a single parameter such as bandwidth, energy, path stability, etc. To address and enhance quality communication, this paper focused on high impact factors, such as path stability, available link bandwidth and energy of nodes. The performance of SBADR is evaluated on the network simulator and compared with that of other routing protocols, i.e. route stability based QoS routing (RSQR), route stability based ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (RSAODV) and Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). Experimental outcomes show that SBADR significantly enhanced network performance in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and normalized control overhead (NCO). Performance shows that SBADR is suitable for any application of MANET having random and high mobility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>QoS in MANET is a challenging task. To achieve high-quality communication, the authors worked on multiple network parameters, i.e. path stability, available link bandwidth and energy of mobile nodes. The performance of the proposed routing protocol named SBADR is evaluated by a network simulator and compared with that of other routing protocols. Statistical analysis done on results proves significant enhancement in network performance. SBADR is suitable for applications of MANET having random and high mobility. It is also efficient for applications having a requirement of high throughput.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>SBADR shows a significant enhancement in received data bytes, which are 1,709, 788 and 326 more in comparison of AODV, RSAODV and RSQR, respectively. PDR increased by 21.27%, 12.1%, 4.15%, and NCO decreased by 9.67%, 5.93%, 2.8% in comparison of AODV, RSAODV and RSQR, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Social implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Outcomes show SBADR will perform better with applications of MANET such as disaster recovery, city tours, university or hospital networks, etc. SBADR is suitable for every application of MANET having random and high mobility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is to certify that the reported work in the paper entitled \u201cSBADR: stable and bandwidth aware dynamic routing protocol for mobile <jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic> network\u201d is an original one and has not been submitted for publication elsewhere. The authors further certify that proper citations to the previously reported work have been given and no data\/tables\/figures have been quoted verbatim from the other publications without giving due acknowledgment and without permission of the author(s).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijpcc-05-2019-0043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T07:08:56Z","timestamp":1590476936000},"page":"205-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["SBADR: stable and bandwidth aware dynamic routing protocol for mobile <i>ad hoc<\/i> network"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anupama","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Rishiwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0366-4","article-title":"Stability routing with constrained path length for improved routability in dynamic MANETs","volume":"15","year":"2011","journal-title":"Personal and Ubiquitous Computing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-012-0718-z","article-title":"The mobility issue in admission controls and available bandwidth measures in MANETs","volume":"70","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-3012-z","article-title":"Location and mobility-aware routing for improving multimedia streaming performance in MANETs","volume":"86","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2459-2","article-title":"Survey of bandwidth estimation techniques in communication networks","volume":"83","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.842560","article-title":"QoS-aware routing based on bandwidth estimation for mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"23","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2008.01.009","article-title":"End-to-end available bandwidth as a random autocorrelated QoS-relevant time-series","volume":"52","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2011.110311.110110","article-title":"Large-scale available bandwidth measurements: interference in current techniques","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref008","first-page":"713","article-title":"Link-stability and energy aware routing protocol in distributed wireless networks","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref009","first-page":"678","article-title":"QoS enabled routing in mobile ad hoc networks","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.008","article-title":"Estimating network link characteristics using packet-pair dispersion: a discrete-time queueing theoretic analysis","volume":"55","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597582","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/597582","article-title":"Energy, traffic load, and link quality aware ad hoc routing protocol for wireless sensor network based smart metering infrastructure","volume":"9","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5926","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.556-562.5926","article-title":"Mobility prediction-based link stability routing protocol for MANET","volume":"556-562","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied Mechanics and Materials"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2005.09.029","article-title":"Model-based end-to-end available bandwidth inference using queueing analysis","volume":"50","year":"2006","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref014","first-page":"89","article-title":"Bandwidth measurement in wireless networks","volume-title":"IFIP Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extended OLSR and AODV based on multi-criteria decision making method","volume":"73","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telecommunication Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2012.05.007","article-title":"Available bandwidth estimation for the network paths with multiple tight links and bursty traffic","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref017","first-page":"1040","article-title":"A system-theoretic approach to bandwidth estimation","volume":"18","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2011.11.011","article-title":"Analysis of minimal backlogging-based available bandwidth estimation mechanism","volume":"35","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref019","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Engineering Statistics Handbook","author":"NIST\/SEMATECH","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref020","article-title":"The ns manual","author":"NS-2","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref021","first-page":"1833","article-title":"Packet train pair: a fast and efficient technique for measuring available bandwidth in the internet","year":"2012","journal-title":"SICE Annual Conference (SICE)"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accurate passive bandwidth estimation (APBE) in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref023","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5121\/ijwmn.2014.6609","article-title":"RSAODV: a route stability based ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol for mobile ad hoc network","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Networks"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref025","volume-title":"Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/02564602.2016.1192962","article-title":"An adaptive protocol for stable and energy-aware routing in MANETs","volume":"34","year":"2017","journal-title":"IETE Technical Review"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref026","article-title":"Enhanced-Ant-AODV for optimal route selection in mobile ad-hoc network","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4602.62592","article-title":"A multipath QoS routing with route stability for mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"27","year":"2010","journal-title":"IETE Technical Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-009-9718-z","article-title":"Route stability based qos routing in mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"54","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2008.41","article-title":"Bandwidth estimation for IEEE 802.11-based ad hoc networks","volume":"7","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2011.11.006","article-title":"MR-BART: multi-rate available bandwidth estimation in real-time","volume":"35","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3.2014.6897182","article-title":"LSMRP: Link stability based multicast routing protocol in MANETs","volume-title":"2014 Seventh International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3)","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1882","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref033","first-page":"55","article-title":"Signal strength and energy aware reliable route discovery in MANET","volume":"2231","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication Network Security ISSN"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref034","article-title":"RSEA-AODV: route stability and energy aware routing for mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Computers, Communications and Control"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2011.02.011","article-title":"Large scale probabilistic available bandwidth estimation","volume":"55","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref036","first-page":"448","article-title":"Cognitive passive estimation of available bandwidth (cPEAB) in overlapped IEEE 802.11 WiFi WLANs","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2008.0078","article-title":"Adaptive wavelet-based multifractal model applied to the effective bandwidth estimation of network traffic flows","volume":"3","year":"2009","journal-title":"IET Communications"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2012.6234276","article-title":"Available bandwidth estimating method in IEEE802. 11e based mobile ad hoc network","volume-title":"2012 9th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2012.2190760","article-title":"MBE: model-based available bandwidth estimation for IEEE 802.11 data communications","volume":"61","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNCW.2012.6215526","article-title":"A novel bandwidth estimation algorithm for IEEE 802.11 TCP data transmissions","volume-title":"2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.05.015","article-title":"Minimizing communication interference for stable position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"52","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"key2020071507271738100_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2013.06.150","article-title":"Maintaining path stability with node failure in mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2007.907994","article-title":"A novel path stability computation model for wireless ad hoc networks","volume":"14","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2008.12.031","article-title":"Accurate available bandwidth estimation in IEEE 802.11-based ad hoc networks","volume":"32","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2012.04.007","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of network density, hidden nodes and capture effect for throughput guarantee in multi-hop wireless networks","volume":"11","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"issue":"14","key":"key2020071507271738100_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.06.009","article-title":"SLDRT: a measurement technique for available bandwidth on multi-hop path with bursty cross traffic","volume":"56","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computer Networks"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJPCC-05-2019-0043\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJPCC-05-2019-0043\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:05:26Z","timestamp":1753394726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijpcc\/article\/16\/3\/205-221\/161307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJPCC-05-2019-0043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijpcc-05-2019-0043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7371","1742-7371"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7371","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-7371","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]}}}