{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:30:40Z","timestamp":1754155840600,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJPCC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In March 2019, Facebook updated its security procedures requesting ID verification for people who wish to advertise or promote political posts of adverts. The announcement received little media coverage even though it is an interesting development in the battle against fake news. This paper aims to review the current literature on different approaches in the battle against the spread of fake news, including the use of computer algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) and introduction of ID checks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Critical to the evaluation is consideration into ID checks as a means to combat the spread of fake news. To understand the process and how it works, the team undertook a social experiment combined with reflective analysis to better understand the impact of ID check policies when combined with other standards policies of a typical platform.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The analysis identifies grave concerns. In a wider context, standardising such policy will leave political activists in countries vulnerable to reprisal from authoritarian regimes. Other victims of the impacts include people who use fake names to protect the identity of adopted children or to protect anonymity from abusive partners.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The analysis also points to the fact that troll armies could bypass these checks rendering the use of ID checks less effective in the battle to combat fake news.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijpcc-06-2019-0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T08:29:32Z","timestamp":1580718572000},"page":"101-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Facebook fake profile identification: technical and ethical considerations"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pardis","family":"Pourghomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Dordevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"Safieddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2020031014590719600_ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Faces of Facebook: privacy in the age of augmented reality","year":"2011","journal-title":"BlackHat USA"},{"volume-title":"Reflexive Methodology: New Vistas for Qualitative Research","year":"2009","key":"key2020031014590719600_ref002"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020031014590719600_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.104","article-title":"Alt-News and Post-Truths in the \u2018fake news\u2019 era","volume":"50","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2020031014590719600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12171","article-title":"Counteracting the politicization of science","volume":"65","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"key":"key2020031014590719600_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartCloud.2017.40","article-title":"Automatically identifying fake news in popular twitter threads","volume-title":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud (SmartCloud)","year":"2017"},{"volume-title":"Combating Fake News in the Digital Age","year":"2017","key":"key2020031014590719600_ref006"},{"key":"key2020031014590719600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2015.11.002","article-title":"Sifting robotic from organic text: a natural language approach for detecting automation on Twitter","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Science"},{"key":"key2020031014590719600_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-019-09533-0","article-title":"Real solutions for fake news? 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