{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T21:47:11Z","timestamp":1773352031795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/page\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJPCC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fog computing is a new field of research and has emerged as a complement to the cloud which can mitigate the problems inherent to the cloud computing model such as unreliable latency, bandwidth constraints, security and mobility. This paper aims to provide detailed survey in the field of fog computing covering the current state-of-the-art in fog computing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cloud was developed for IT and not for Internet of Things (IoT); as a result, cloud is unable to meet the computing, storage, control and networking demands of the IoT applications. Fog is a companion for the cloud and aims to extend the cloud capabilities to the edge of the network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lack of survey papers in the area of fog computing was an important motivational factor for writing this paper. This paper highlights the capabilities of the fog computing and where it fits in between IoT and cloud. This paper has also presented architecture of the fog computing model and its characteristics. Finally, the challenges in the field of fog computing have been discussed in detail which need to be overcome to realize its full potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents the current state-of-the-art in fog computing. Lack of such papers increases the importance of this paper. It also includes challenges and opportunities in the fog computing and various possible solutions to overcome those challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijpcc-06-2019-059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T08:25:45Z","timestamp":1564993545000},"page":"80-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Survey of applications, challenges and opportunities in fog computing"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Irfan","family":"Bala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammad Ahsan","family":"Chishti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref001","first-page":"464","article-title":"Fog computing and smart gateway based communication for cloud of things","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref002","first-page":"105","article-title":"Dynamic resource provisioning through fog micro datacenter","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref003","first-page":"518","article-title":"E-hamc: leveraging fog computing for emergency alert service","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019080813584317900_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/MPOT.2015.2456213","article-title":"Fog computing: the cloud-iot\/ioe middleware paradigm","volume":"35","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Potentials"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mobile edge computing: a survey","volume":"99","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2019080813584317900_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-016-1634-x","article-title":"Health fog: a novel framework for health and wellness applications","volume":"72","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Supercomputing"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on mobile edge computing","volume-title":"2016 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartGridComm.2015.7436323","article-title":"Prediction models for dynamic demand response: requirements, challenges, and insights","volume-title":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019080813584317900_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2014.2327022","article-title":"Holistic measures for evaluating prediction models in smart grids","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019080813584317900_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2017.27","article-title":"Mobility-aware application scheduling in fog computing","volume":"4","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Cloud Computing"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref011","article-title":"Connected vehicles, the internet of things, and fog computing","volume-title":"The Eighth ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Inter-Networking (VANET)","year":"2011"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref012","first-page":"13","article-title":"Fog computing and its role in the internet of things","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/SIES.2016.7509437","article-title":"Embedded systems in the application of fog computing \u2013 levee monitoring use case","volume-title":"2016 11th IEEE Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES)","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.05.414","article-title":"Holistic approach to urgent computing for flood decision support","volume":"51","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"key2019080813584317900_ref015","unstructured":"Buntz, B. 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