{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T06:53:19Z","timestamp":1760597599031,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 Improvements and portability of technologies and smart devices have enabled a rapid growth in the amount of user-generated media such as photographs and videos. Whilst various media generation and management systems exist, it still remains a challenge to discover the right information, for the right purpose. This paper aims to propose an approach to reverse geocoding by cross-referencing multiple geospatial data sources to enable the enrichment of media and therefore enable better organisation and searching of the media to create an overall picture about places. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The paper presents a system architecture that incorporates the proposed approach to aggregate several geospatial databases to enrich geo-tagged media with human readable information, which will further enable the goal of creating an overall picture about places. The approach enables the semantic information relating to point of interest. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 Implementation of the proposed approach shows that a single geospatial data source does not contain enough information to accurately describe the high-level geospatial information for geocoded multimedia. However, fusing several geospatial data sources together enables richer, more accurate high-level geospatial information to be tagged to the geocoded multimedia. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 The contribution in this paper shows that high-level geospatial information can be retrieved from many data sources and fused together to enrich geocoded multimedia which can facilitate better searching and retrieval of the multimedia.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijpcc-09-2013-0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]],"date-time":"2013-10-31T08:43:02Z","timestamp":1383208982000},"page":"367-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High-level geospatial information discovery and fusion for geocoded multimedia"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Ennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chris","family":"D. Nugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"George","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Stan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, A.\n               , \n                  Pereira, F.C.\n               , \n                  Biderman, A.\n                and \n                  Ratti, C.\n                (2009), \u201cPlace enrichment by mining the web\u201d, Ambient Intelligence, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 5859, Springer, Berlin, pp. 66-77.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-05408-2_9"},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b2","unstructured":"Facebook\n                (2013), Instagram, available at: http:\/\/instagram.com (accessed May 1, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b3","unstructured":"Flickr\n                (2013), Flickr, available at: www.flickr.com\/ (accessed May 1, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gelernter, J.\n                and \n                  Mushegian, N.\n                (2011), \u201cGeo-parsing messages from microtext\u201d, Transactions in GIS, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 753-773.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2011.01294.x"},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b5","unstructured":"GeoNames\n                (2013), GeoNames, available at: www.geonames.org (accessed March 28, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b6","unstructured":"IN2 Search Interfaces Development Ltd\n                (2013), FollowThePlace, available at: http:\/\/followtheplace.com (accessed May 1, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b7","unstructured":"Lacerda, Y.A.\n                (2013), \u201cOn improving geo-tag quality in photo collections\u201d, GEOProcessing 2013, the Fifth International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems, Applications, and Services, pp. 139-144."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, J.\n               , \n                  Dhiraj, J.\n               , \n                  Jie, Y.\n                and \n                  Andrew, G.\n                (2010), \u201cGeo-tagging in multimedia and computer vision \u2013 a survey\u201d, Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol. 51 No. 1, pp. 187-211.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-010-0623-y"},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b9","unstructured":"Nandipati, A.\n                (2011), Assessment of Metadata Associated with Geo-Tag Pictures, University of Muenster, M\u00fcnster."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b10","unstructured":"Ofcom\n                (2013a), \u201cNorthern Ireland leads the way in tablet computer take-up\u201d, available at: http:\/\/media.ofcom.org.uk\/2013\/08\/01\/northern-ireland-leads-the-way-in-tablet-computer-take-up\/ (accessed August 13, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b11","unstructured":"Ofcom\n                (2013b), UK Communications 2013 \u2013 Fast Facts, available at: http:\/\/media.ofcom.org.uk\/facts\/ (accessed August 13, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b15","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics\n                (2011), \u201cStatistical bulletin internet access \u2013 households and individuals, 2011\u201d, Internet Access \u2013 Households and Individuals, Office for National Statistics, Newport, pp. 1-9, August."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b12","unstructured":"OpenStreetMaps\n                (2013), OpenStreetMap, available at: www.openstreetmap.org\/ (accessed August 13, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b13","unstructured":"Parundekar, R.\n               , \n                  Knoblock, C.\n                and \n                  Ambite, J.\n                (2010), \u201cAligning ontologies of geospatial linked data\u201d, paper presented at Workshop on Linked Spatiotemporal Data, in conjunction with the 6th International Conference on Geographic Information Science (GIScience 2010)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b14","unstructured":"Pettey, C.\n                (2012), \u201cGartner identifies the top 10 strategic technology trends for 2013\u201d, available at: www.gartner.com\/newsroom\/id\/2209615 (accessed May 15, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b16","unstructured":"Valli, C.\n                and \n                  Hannay, P.\n                (2010), \u201cGeo-tagging where cyberspace comes to your place\u201d, Security and Management, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 627-632."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b17","unstructured":"YouTube LLC\n                (2013), YouTube, available at: www.youtube.com\/ (accessed May 16, 2013)."},{"key":"key2022021720152005300_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Y.-T.\n               , \n                  Zha, Z.-J.\n                and \n                  Chua, T.-S.\n                (2010), \u201cResearch and applications on georeferenced 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