{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:41:29Z","timestamp":1785339689264,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3\/4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJWIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aims to offer a comprehensive examination of the various solutions currently accessible for addressing the challenge of semantic interoperability in cyber physical systems (CPS). CPS is a new generation of systems composed of physical assets with computation capabilities, connected with software systems in a network, exchanging data collected from the physical asset, models (physics-based, data-driven, . . .) and services (reconfiguration, monitoring, . . .). The physical asset and its software system are connected, and they exchange data to be interpreted in a certain context. The heterogeneous nature of the collected data together with different types of models rise interoperability problems. Modeling the digital space of the CPS and integrating information models that support cyber physical interoperability together are required.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aims to identify the most relevant points in the development of semantic models and machine learning solutions to the interoperability problem, and how these solutions are implemented in CPS. The research analyzes recent papers related to the topic of semantic interoperability in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) systems.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Semantic models are key enabler technologies that provide a common understanding of data, and they can be used to solve interoperability problems in Industry by using a common vocabulary when defining these models.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper provides an overview of the different available solutions to the semantic interoperability problem in CPS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijwis-03-2023-0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T06:48:17Z","timestamp":1692600497000},"page":"157-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Semantic web and machine learning techniques addressing semantic interoperability in Industry 4.0"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Madani","family":"Hafidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Djezzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounir","family":"Hemam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Zahra","family":"Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moufida","family":"Maimour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref001","article-title":"Role of ontology in semantic web development","volume-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1008.1723","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref002","first-page":"465","article-title":"A knowledge graph for industry 4.0","volume-title":"The Semantic Web: 17th International Conference, ESWC 2020","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref003","first-page":"16","article-title":"Ontology-based modeling of part digital twin oriented to assembly","volume":"236","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical En-Gineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2014.09.008","article-title":"The internet of things vision: key features, applications and open issues","volume":"54","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref005","first-page":"7806","article-title":"A survey on edge and edge-cloud computing assisted cyber-physical systems","volume":"17","year":"2021","journal-title":"In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.02.170","article-title":"Manufacturing in the fourth industrial revolution: a positive prospect in sustainable manufacturing","volume":"21","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Man-Ufacturing"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103298","article-title":"Machine learning and reasoning for predictive maintenance in industry 4.0: current status and challenges","volume":"123","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Industry"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Handbook of se-Mantic Web Technologies","year":"2011","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92913-0"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref009","first-page":"767","article-title":"How to define industry 4.0: main pillars of industry 4.0","volume":"761","year":"2017","journal-title":"Managerial Trends in the Development of Enterprises in Globalization Era"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2019.2912604","article-title":"Cyber physical systems and IoT: architectural practices, interoperability, and transformation","volume":"22","year":"2020","journal-title":"IT Professional"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jii.2020.100176","article-title":"Ontology- based solutions for interoperability among product lifecycle management systems: a systematic literature review","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref012","unstructured":"Framework Interoperability (2004), \u201cEuropean interoperability framework for pan-European eGovernment services\u201d."},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref013","volume-title":"IEEE Standard Computer Dictionary: Compilation of IEEE Standard Computer Glossaries","year":"1991"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref014","article-title":"A continuing vision: cyber-physical systems","volume-title":"Fourth annual Carnegie Mellon conference on the electricity industry","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref015","first-page":"1","article-title":"An RDF-based approach for implementing industry 4.0 components with administration shells","volume-title":"2016 IEEE 21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Au- tomation (ETFA)","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-38756-7_4","article-title":"Digital twin: Mitigating unpredictable, undesirable emergent behavior in complex systems","volume-title":"Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref017","article-title":"What is an ontology","year":"1993"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref018","first-page":"4242","article-title":"A survey on concepts, applications, and challenges in cyber-physical systems","volume":"8","year":"2014","journal-title":"KSII Transactions on Internet and Informa-Tion Systems (TIIS)"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101660","article-title":"A survey on cybersecurity, data privacy, and policy issues in cyber-physical system deployments in smart cities","volume":"50","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sus-Tainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref020","article-title":"Contribution au d\u00b4epistage intelligent du cancer du sein bas\u00b4e sur la thermographie m\u00b4edicale","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref021","unstructured":"Hafidi, M.M., Djezzar, M., Mounir, H., Zianou, A.S. and Maimour, M. (2022), \u201cSemantic models and machine learning approach in CPS: a survey\u201d."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref0220","first-page":"4","article-title":"The reference architectural model industrie 4.0 (rami 4.0)","volume":"2","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zvei"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1504\/IJIIDS.2017.086193","article-title":"Multi-viewpoint ontological representation of composite concepts: a description logics-based approach","volume":"10","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems"},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref023","first-page":"3351","article-title":"The implementation of industry 4.0 in manufacsturing: from lean manufacturing to product design","volume":"121","year":"2022","journal-title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1109\/ISORC.2008.25","article-title":"Cyber physical systems: design challenges","volume-title":"2008 11th IEEE international symposium on object and component-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref025","volume-title":"Introduction to Em-bedded Systems: A Cyber-Physical Systems Approach","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jii.2017.04.005","article-title":"Industry 4.0: a survey on technologies, applications and open research issues","volume":"6","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial Information Integration"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.05.001","article-title":"Semantic communications between distributed cyber-physical systems towards collaborative automation for smart manufacturing","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Systems"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.01.099","article-title":"Modeling and control of cyber-physical systems subject to cyber attacks: a survey of recent advances and challenges\u201d. In","volume":"338","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2017.9","article-title":"An open semantic framework for the industrial internet of things","volume":"32","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.020","article-title":"Machine learning based digital twin framework for production optimization in petrochemical industry","volume":"49","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119552482.ch1","volume-title":"Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems: Using Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to Support Intelligence, Adaptation and Autonomy","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN41052.2019.8972085","article-title":"Interoperability and machine-to-machine translation model with mappings to machine learning tasks","volume-title":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2021.107614","article-title":"Digital twin, physics-based model, and machine learning applied to damage detection in structures","volume":"155","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2016.0112","article-title":"A machine learning approach for fault detection in vehicular cyber-physical systems","volume-title":"2016 15th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref035","unstructured":"Schweichhart, K. (2016), \u201cReference architectural model industrie 4.0 (rami 4.0)\u201d, An Introduction, available at: www.plattform-i40.deI40"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref036","first-page":"96","article-title":"The semantic web revisited","volume":"21","year":"2006","journal-title":"In: IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1109\/SBESC.2018.00030","article-title":"Internet of things ontology for digital twin in cyber physical systems","volume-title":"2018 VIII Brazilian symposium on computing systems engineering (SBESC)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2838530","article-title":"Model and tool integration platforms for Cyber\u2013physical system design","volume":"106","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref039","first-page":"653","article-title":"Digital twins and cyber\u2013physical systems toward smart manufacturing and industry 4.0: correlation and comparison","volume":"5","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engineer-Ing"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref040","article-title":"Understanding semantic web and ontologies: theory and applications","volume-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1006.4567","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.220","article-title":"Explainable AI for industry 4.0: semantic representation of deep learning models","volume":"200","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.24215\/16666038.21.e15","article-title":"IIoT\/IoT and artificial intelligence\/machine learning as a process optimization driver under industry 4.0 model","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2021.03.006","article-title":"Interoperability in the cyber-physical manufacturing enterprise","volume":"51","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annual Reviews in Control"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.3390\/app11115110","article-title":"Se- mantic web and knowledge graphs for industry 4.0","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023112409041642700_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-020-00267-9","article-title":"Industry 4.0, a revolution that requires technology and national strategies","volume":"7","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complex and Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2019.03.141","article-title":"A reconfigurable modeling approach for digital twin-based manufacturing system","volume":"83","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref047","first-page":"791","article-title":"Executable knowledge graphs for machine learning: a Bosch case of welding monitoring","volume-title":"The Semantic Web\u2013ISWC 2022: 21st International Semantic Web Conference, Virtual Event","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2015.7382284","article-title":"Industry 4.0: towards future industrial opportunities and challenges","volume-title":"2015 12th International conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery (FSKD)","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2023112409041642700_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1145\/3502223.3502230","article-title":"Scaling usability of ML analytics with knowledge graphs: exemplified with a Bosch welding case","volume-title":"The 10th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Web Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJWIS-03-2023-0046\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJWIS-03-2023-0046\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:23:53Z","timestamp":1753395833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijwis\/article\/19\/3-4\/157-172\/160456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3\/4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJWIS-03-2023-0046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijwis-03-2023-0046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-0084","1744-0084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-0084","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-0084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]}}}