{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:35:00Z","timestamp":1754156100848,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJWIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper aims to evaluate the state-of-the-art in CSV uplift tools. Based on this evaluation, a method that incorporates data transformations into uplift mapping languages by means of functions is proposed and evaluated. Typically, tools that map non-resource description framework (RDF) data into RDF format rely on the technology native to the source of the data when data transformation is required. Depending on the data format, data manipulation can be performed using underlying technology, such as relational database management system (RDBMS) for relational databases or XPath for XML. For CSV\/Tabular data, there is no such underlying technology, and instead, it requires either a transformation of source data into another format or pre\/post-processing techniques.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the state-of-the-art in CSV uplift tools, the authors present a comparison framework and have applied it to such tools. A key feature evaluated in the comparison framework is data transformation functions. They argue that existing approaches for transformation functions are complex \u2013 in that a number of steps and tools are required. The proposed method, FunUL, in contrast, defines functions independent of the source data being mapped into RDF, as resources within the mapping itself.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The approach was evaluated using two typical real-world use cases. The authors have compared how well our approach and others (that include transformation functions as part of the uplift mapping) could implement an uplift mapping from CSV\/Tabular into RDF. This comparison indicates that the authors\u2019 approach performs well for these use cases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper presents a comparison framework and applies it to the state-of-the-art in CSV uplift tools. Furthermore, the authors describe FunUL, which, unlike other related work, defines functions as resources within the uplift mapping itself, integrating data transformation functions and mapping definitions. This makes the generation of RDF from source data transparent and traceable. Moreover, as functions are defined as resources, these can be reused multiple times within mappings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijwis-04-2017-0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T19:12:43Z","timestamp":1507057963000},"page":"405-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An evaluation of uplift mapping languages"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ademar","family":"Crotti Junior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Debruyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Declan","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref001","unstructured":"Biron, P. and Malhotra, A. (2004), XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/xmlschema-2\/"},{"year":"2004","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref002","article-title":"D2RQ \u2013 Treating non-RDF Databases as Virtual RDF Graphs"},{"first-page":"693","article-title":"Building the Seshat ontology for a global history databank","year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref003"},{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref004","unstructured":"Das, S. Sundara, S. and Cyganiak, R. (2012), R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language, available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/r2rml\/"},{"year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref005","article-title":"R2RML-F: Towards Sharing and Executing Domain Logic in R2RML Mappings"},{"year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref006","article-title":"Serving Ireland\u2019s geospatial information as linked data"},{"year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref007","article-title":"Automated metadata generation for linked data generation and publishing workflows"},{"year":"2014","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref008","article-title":"RML: a generic language for integrated RDF mappings of heterogeneous data"},{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref009","unstructured":"Harris, S. Seaborne, A. and Prud\u2019hommeaux, E. (2013), SPARQL 1.1 Query Language, available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/sparql11-query"},{"first-page":"25","article-title":"A comparison of RDB-to-RDF Mapping Languages","year":"2011","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref010"},{"first-page":"709","article-title":"RMLEditor: a graph-based mapping editor for linked data mappings","year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref011"},{"volume-title":"Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies","year":"2009","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref012"},{"first-page":"55","article-title":"Incorporating functions in mappings to facilitate the uplift of CSV files into RDF","year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref013"},{"first-page":"267","article-title":"FunUL: a method to incorporate functions into uplift mapping languages","year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref014"},{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref015","unstructured":"Klyne, G. Jeremy, J.J. and McBrid, B. (2004), \u201cResource description framework (RDF): concepts and abstract syntax\u201d, available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/rdf11-concepts\/"},{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref016","unstructured":"Knublauch, H. Hendler, J.A. and Idehen, K. (2009), SPIN \u2013 SPARQL Inferencing Notation, available at: http:\/\/spinrdf.org\/"},{"first-page":"46","article-title":"An ontology to semantically declare and describe functions","year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref017"},{"first-page":"443","article-title":"Translation of relational and non-relational databases into RDF with xR2RML","year":"2015","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref018"},{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref019","unstructured":"Perry, M. and Herring, J. (2012), GeoSPARQL-A Geographic Query Language for RDF data, available at: www.opengeospatial.org\/standards\/geosparql"},{"first-page":"123","article-title":"DataOps: seamless end-to-end anything-to-RDF data integration","year":"2015","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref020"},{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref021","unstructured":"Pollock, R. Tennison, J. Kellogg, G. and Herman, I. (2015), Metadata Vocabulary for Tabular Data, available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/tabular-metadata\/"},{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref022","unstructured":"Prime2 (2014), Prime2: Data Concepts and Data Model Overview, Technical report, Ordnance Survey Ireland (2014), available at: www.osi.ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/Prime2-V-2.pdf (accessed March 2017)."},{"first-page":"24","article-title":"Effective tooling for linked data publishing in scientific research","year":"2016","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref023"},{"year":"2015","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref024","article-title":"KR2RML: An alternative interpretation of R2RML for heterogeneous sources"},{"year":"2012","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref025","article-title":"Enabling linked data publication with the Datalift platform"},{"year":"2015","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref026","article-title":"Simplified RDB2RDF Mapping"},{"key":"key2020120416360460700_ref027","unstructured":"Tennison, J. Kellogg, G. and Herman, I. (2015), Model for Tabular Data and Metadata on the Web, available at: www.w3.org\/TR\/tabular-data-model\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120416360460700_ref028","article-title":"Seshat: the global history data-bank","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cliodynamics: The Journal of Quantitative History and Cultural Evolution"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Web Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJWIS-04-2017-0036\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJWIS-04-2017-0036\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:23:59Z","timestamp":1753395839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijwis\/article\/13\/4\/405-424\/166612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJWIS-04-2017-0036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijwis-04-2017-0036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-0084"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1744-0084"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]}}}