{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T17:00:19Z","timestamp":1774630819078,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJWIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>With rapid increase of Android devices and application systems, there is a strong demand for Android application programmers. A lot of schools are offering Android programming courses to meet this demand. However, Android programming can be different from the conventional one because it needs interactive functions through interfaces with users, which makes the study more difficult. This paper aims to propose an Android Programming Learning Assistance System, namely, APLAS, to assist the Java-based Android programming study and education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>By adopting the test-driven development method, APLAS is designed to achieve independent learning without the presence of teachers. Using JUnit and Robolectric, the answers from the students are automatically marked in APLAS. To cover extensive materials in Android programming, APLAS offers four stages where each stage involves several topics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of APLAS, we implemented the Unit Converter assignment that covers the first two topics, namely, Basic user interface in the first stage and basic activity in the second stage. Through solving the assignment, it is expected to learn basic application development. Forty novice students of an IT department in Indonesia were asked to solve both topics separately.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results show that APLAS is useful and helpful for the self-study of Android programming, as they could complete codes with good execution performances.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/ijwis-08-2019-0038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T10:52:52Z","timestamp":1570531972000},"page":"115-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A proposal of Android Programming Learning Assistant System with implementation of basic application learning"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yan Watequlis","family":"Syaifudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Funabiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Kuribayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chung","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref001","volume-title":"Learning Android Application Testing","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref002","first-page":"169","article-title":"Source code editing evaluator for learning programming","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref003","volume-title":"Test-Driven Java Development","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref004","first-page":"38","article-title":"A Java programming learning assistant system using test-driven development method","volume":"40","year":"2013","journal-title":"IAENG International Journal of Computer Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v11i12.6004","article-title":"RoBlock \u2013 web app for programming learning","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET)"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref006","unstructured":"Google Developers (2019a), \u201cAndroid studio\u201d, available at: https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/ (accessed 26 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref007","unstructured":"Google Developers (2019b), \u201cAndroid developer fundamentals-Google developers training course\u201d, available at: https:\/\/developer.android.com\/courses\/fundamentals-training\/overview-v2 (accessed 2 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref008","unstructured":"Google Developers (2019c), \u201cEspresso \u2013 Google developers documentation\u201d, available at: https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing\/espresso"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref009","unstructured":"Google Developers (2019d), \u201cFundamental of testing \u2013 Google developers documentation\u201d, available at: https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing\/fundamentals (accessed 6 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref010","unstructured":"Google Developers (2019e), \u201cGoogle training courses \u2013 Google developers training course\u201d, available at: https:\/\/developer.android.com\/courses\/ (accessed 22 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref011","unstructured":"Google Developers (2019f), \u201cUI automator \u2013 Google developers documentation\u201d, available at: https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing\/ui-automator (accessed 2 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref012","volume-title":"Android Programming for Beginners","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref013","first-page":"86","article-title":"The perceived usability of automated testing tools for mobile applications","volume":"12","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering, Science, and Technology"},{"issue":"19","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Case study on efficient android programming education using multi android development tools","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Science and Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref015","first-page":"503","article-title":"Review of mobile applications testing with automated techniques","volume":"4","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref016","article-title":"Test driven mobile applications development","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref017","article-title":"Understanding the test automation culture of app developers","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref018","volume-title":"Test Driven: Practical TDD and Acceptance TDD for Java Developer","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref019","first-page":"89","article-title":"Learning distributed algorithms by programming robots","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1109\/RITA.2015.2452531","article-title":"M-learning tools: the development of programming skills in engineering degrees","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias Del Aprendizaje"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref021","first-page":"1","article-title":"An intelligent tutoring system for learning android applications UI development","volume":"2","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering and Information System"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1076\/csed.13.2.137.14200","article-title":"Learning and teaching programming: a review and discussion","volume":"13","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computer Science Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020042309455079400_ref023","first-page":"926","article-title":"A study on the evaluation of unit testing for android systems","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal on New Computer Architectures and Their Applications"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref024","unstructured":"Statista GmbH (2019a), \u201cNumber of smartphone users worldwide from 2014 to 2020 (in billions)\u201d, available at: www.statista.com\/statistics\/330695\/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide\/ (accessed 2 June 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref025","unstructured":"Statista GmbH (2019b), \u201cApp developers \u2013 statistics and facts\u201d, available at: www.statista.com\/topics\/1694\/app-developers\/ (accessed 2 June 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref026","first-page":"S89","article-title":"Learning model for android programming learning assistant system","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref027","unstructured":"Udacity Inc (2019), \u201cAndroid basics by Google \u2013 Udacity nanodegree program\u201d, available at: www.udacity.com\/course\/android-basics-nanodegree-by-google-nd803 (accessed 10 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref028","article-title":"How do developers test android applications?","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref029","unstructured":"Wikimedia Foundation Inc (2019), \u201cTest-driven development\u201d, available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test-driven_development (accessed 12 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref030","unstructured":"Android Open Source Project (2019), \u201cDalvik bytecode\u201d, available at: https:\/\/source.android.com\/devices\/tech\/dalvik\/dalvik-bytecode (accessed 12 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref031","unstructured":"Eclipse Foundation (2019), \u201cEclipse IDE\u201d, available at: www.eclipse.org (accessed 24 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref032","unstructured":"Google Inc (2019), \u201cGoogle play store\u201d, available at: https:\/\/play.google.com\/store (accessed 7 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref033","unstructured":"Gradle Inc (2019), \u201cGradle build tool\u201d, available at: https:\/\/gradle.org\/ (accessed 23 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref035","unstructured":"Massachusetts Institute of Technolgy (2019), \u201cMIT app inventor\u201d, available at: https:\/\/appinventor.mit.edu (accessed 5 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref036","unstructured":"Mockito framework site (2019), \u201cMockito \u2013 tasty mocking framework for unit tests in Java\u201d, available at: https:\/\/site.mockito.org\/ (accessed 20 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref037","unstructured":"Oracle Corporation (2019), \u201cJava programming language\u201d, available at: https:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/javase\/7\/docs\/technotes\/guides\/language\/ (accessed 2 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref034","unstructured":"JUnit (2019), \u201cJUnit\u201d, available at: https:\/\/junit.org\/junit4\/ (accessed 21 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref038","unstructured":"JDK8 Oracle Corporation (2019), \u201cOpen JDK 8\u201d, available at: https:\/\/openjdk.java.net\/projects\/jdk8u\/ (accessed 2 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref039","unstructured":"Powermock framework site (2019), \u201cPowermock\u201d, available at: https:\/\/powermock.github.io\/ (accessed 22 July 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref040","unstructured":"Robolectric (2019), \u201cRobolectric\u201d, available at: http:\/\/robolectric.org\/ (accessed 14 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref041","unstructured":"Robotium (2019), \u201cRobotiumTech\/robotium: android UI testing\u201d, available at: https:\/\/github.com\/RobotiumTech\/robotium\/ (accessed 9 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref042","unstructured":"SQLite Consortium (2019), \u201cSQLite\u201d, available at: www.sqlite.org\/index.html (accessed 4 August 2019)."},{"key":"key2020042309455079400_ref043","unstructured":"W3C (2019), \u201cExtensible markup language (XML)\u201d, available at: www.w3.org\/XML\/ (accessed 11 August 2019)."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Web Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJWIS-08-2019-0038\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJWIS-08-2019-0038\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:24:14Z","timestamp":1753395854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ijwis\/article\/16\/1\/115-135\/164040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IJWIS-08-2019-0038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijwis-08-2019-0038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-0084","1744-0084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-0084","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-0084","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]}}}