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The aim of this tool is to address to the three main issues affecting such decision: the cost of the information sharing, the scarce visibility of the client\u2019s data and the uncertainty of quantifying the return from investing into a WMS feature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tool behaves as a digital twin of a WMS. In addition, it incorporates a set of WMS\u2019s features based both on heuristics and optimization techniques and uses simulation to perform what-if multi-scenario analyses of alternative management scenarios. In order to validate the effectiveness of the tool, its application to a real-world 3PL warehouse operating in the sector of biomedical products is illustrated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of a simulation campaign along an observation horizon of ten months demonstrate how the tool supports the comparison of alternative scenarios with the<jats:italic>as-is<\/jats:italic>, thereby suggesting the most suitable WMS customization to adopt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tool supports 3PL managers in enhancing the efficiency of the operations and the fulfilling of the required service level, which is increasingly challenging given the large inventory mix and the variable clients portfolio that 3PLs have to manage. Particularly, the choice of the WMS customization that better perform with each business can be problematic, given the scarce information visibility of the provider on the client\u2019s processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the author\u2019s knowledge, this paper is among the first to address a still uncovered gap of the warehousing literature by illustrating a DST that exploits optimization and simulation techniques to quantify the impacts of the information availability on the warehousing operations performance. As a second novel contribution, this tool enables to create a digital twin of a WMS and foresee the evolution of the warehouse\u2019s performance over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-01-2018-0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T05:44:56Z","timestamp":1534484696000},"page":"251-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Warehouse management system customization and information availability in 3pl companies"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Baruffaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Accorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Manzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"1-4","key":"key2020092417162489700_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-016-9962-9","article-title":"Design and manage deep lane storage system layout. 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