{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:15:54Z","timestamp":1774260954606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to explore the collaborative information system supporting decisions between delivery transport (commodities from DCs to satellites) and terminal transport (commodities from satellites to customers) of e-commerce enterprises, a novel variant of 2E-VRP named MC-2E-VRP-SDTW is investigated by jointly considering three important practical factors: multi-commodity, split delivery and time windows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated, based on which three families of valid inequalities are proposed to enhance its solution performance. A two-stage heuristic is constructed to quickly obtain an initial solution, which is improved by incorporating three exchange operators and four\/two destruction\/repair operators into an enhanced adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental results show that the proposed valid inequalities can help obtain optimal solutions for more instances and improve the lower bounds by 28.7% on average. Our ALNS algorithm can obtain optimal solutions or near-optimal solutions for small-sized instances with far less computational time than CPLEX, and it is superior to the comparing algorithm for large-sized instances with an average improvement of solution at 4.8%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research provides integrated transportation decision support for practical operations of relevant enterprises, thereby helping to reduce operational costs and improve logistics efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study proposes a new model for formulating MC-2E-VRP-SDTW and designs a tailored high-efficiency algorithm to solve the investigated problem.<\/jats:p>\n                  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