{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:26:43Z","timestamp":1754155603121,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,23]],"date-time":"2013-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,23]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 This paper aims to study the validity of potential factors that might affect US information and communication technology (ICT) holders' choice of foreign licensing partners. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 This study focuses on ICT industry. The sample firms for this study are drawn from the SDC by Thomson Financial and this sample was used to construct a data in which a unit of observation is the unique US licensor \u2013 foreign licensee pair, or a dyad. The hypotheses are tested using the random-effects logit model. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The important explanatory factors relate to the knowledge appropriability and the level of economics freedom of a licensee's country, and familiarity between partners through prior licensing agreements. Market similarity between partners, however, appears to be an insignificant factor. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The findings suggest that transaction cost, competition, and national absorb capacity considerations weigh in heavily in explaining firms' choice of foreign licensing partners. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The paper makes an important contribution to licensing literature as the understanding of what drives partner choice is still sparse. Especially, the paper makes a uniqueness of dealing with international technology licensing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-03-2013-0159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]],"date-time":"2013-10-22T10:11:42Z","timestamp":1382436702000},"page":"1300-1314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Choice of foreign licensees: information and communication technology firms"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"YoungJun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"unstructured":"Aghion, P.\n and \n Howitt, P.\n (1992), \u201cGrowth with quality-improving innovations: an integrated framework\u201d, in \n Aghion, P.\n and \n Durlauf, S.N.\n (Eds), Handbook of Economic Growth, Elsevier, Amsterdam.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b1"},{"unstructured":"Alchian, A.\n and \n Demsetz, H.\n (1972), \u201cProduction, information costs and economic organization\u201d, American Economic Review, Vol. 62, pp. 777-795.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anand, B.N.\n and \n Khanna, T.\n (2000), \u201cThe structure of licensing contracts\u201d, The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 48 No. 1, pp. 103-135.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b3","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6451.00114"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, A.\n , \n Fosfuri, A.\n and \n Gambardella, A.\n (2001), Markets for Technology: The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b4","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4451.001.0001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arrow, K.J.\n (1962), \u201cEconomic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention\u201d, The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b5","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400879762-024"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aulakh, P.S.\n , \n Jiang, M.\n and \n Pan, Y.\n (2010), \u201cInternational technology licensing: monopoly rents, transaction costs and exclusive rights\u201d, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 41, pp. 587-605.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b6","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2009.19"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balakrishnan, S.\n and \n Koza, M.\n (1993), \u201cInformation asymmetry, adverse selection and joint ventures: theory and evidence\u201d, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 20, pp. 99-117.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b7","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2681(93)90083-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borensztein, E.\n , \n De Gregorio, J.\n and \n Lee, J.W.\n (1998), \u201cHow does FDI affect economic growth\u201d, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 45, pp. 115-135.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1996(97)00033-0"},{"unstructured":"Caves, R.E.\n (1996), Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, W.\n , \n Goto, A.\n , \n Nagata, A.\n , \n Nelson, R.\n and \n Walsh, J.\n (2002), \u201cR&D spillovers, patents and the incentives to innovate in Japan and the United States\u201d, Research Policy, Vol. 31, pp. 1349-1367.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(02)00068-9"},{"unstructured":"Criscuolo, P.\n and \n Narula, R.\n (2002), \u201cA novel approach to national technological accumulation and absorptive capacity: aggregating Cohen and Levinthal\u201d, MERIT Research Memorandum No. 2002-16.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b11"},{"unstructured":"Cronin, B.\n (1989), \u201cLicensing patents for maximum profit\u201d, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 4 No. 5, pp. 411-420.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b12"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cullen, J.B.\n , \n Johnson, J.L.\n and \n Sakano, T.\n (2000), \u201cSuccess through commitment and trust: the soft side of strategic alliance management\u201d, Journal of World Business, Vol. 35 No. 3, pp. 223-240.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-9516(00)00036-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahlman, C.\n and \n Nelson, R.\n (1995), \u201cSocial absorption capability, national innovation systems and economic development\u201d, in \n Perkins, D.H.\n and \n Koo, B.H.\n (Eds), Social Capability and Long-Term Growth, Macmillan Press, Basingstoke.","key":"key2022031420152035900_b14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-13512-7_5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doz, Y.\n , \n Olk, P.\n and \n Ring, P.\n (2000), \u201cFormation processes of R&D consortia: which path to take? 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