{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T19:12:43Z","timestamp":1771009963543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 Although big data analytics has reaped great business rewards, big data system design and integration still face challenges resulting from the demanding environment, including challenges involving variety, uncertainty, and complexity. These characteristics in big data systems demand flexible and agile integration architectures. Furthermore, a formal model is needed to support design and verification. The purpose of this paper is to resolve the two problems with a collective intelligence (CI) model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 In the conceptual CI framework as proposed by Schut (2010), a CI design should be comprised of a general model, which has formal form for verification and validation, and also a specific model, which is an implementable system architecture. After analyzing the requirements of system integration in big data environments, the authors apply the CI framework to resolve the integration problem. In the model instantiation, the authors use multi-agent paradigm as the specific model, and the hierarchical colored Petri Net (PN) as the general model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 First, multi-agent paradigm is a good implementation for reuse and integration of big data analytics modules in an agile and loosely coupled method. Second, the PN models provide effective simulation results in the system design period. It gives advice on business process design and workload balance control. Third, the CI framework provides an incrementally build and deployed method for system integration. It is especially suitable to the dynamic data analytics environment. These findings have both theoretical and managerial implications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u2013 In this paper, the authors propose a CI framework, which includes both practical architectures and theoretical foundations, to solve the system integration problem in big data environment. It provides a new point of view to dynamically integrate large-scale modules in an organization. This paper also has practical suggestions for Chief Technical Officers, who want to employ big data technologies in their companies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-03-2015-0086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T13:05:38Z","timestamp":1445519138000},"page":"1666-1682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["On the model design of integrated intelligent big data analytics systems"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Financial Mathematics and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Huaiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Financial Mathematics and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"2025072819432725100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berkovich, S.\n           and Liao, D. (2012), \u201cOn clusterization of \u2018big data\u2019 streams\u201d, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research and Applications, Article No. 26, New York, NY, July 1-3.","DOI":"10.1145\/2345316.2345347"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072819432725100_b2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Decisions 2.0: the power of collective intelligence","volume":"50","author":"","year":"2009","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072819432725100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2307\/41703503","article-title":"Business intelligence and analytics: from big data to big impact","volume":"36","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072819432725100_b4","first-page":"171","article-title":"Big","volume":"19","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mobile Network Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072819432725100_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1145\/971617.971620","article-title":"Toward an integrated framework for modeling enterprise processes","volume":"47","author":"","year":"2004","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072819432725100_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.05.048","article-title":"Leveraging the capabilities of service-oriented decision support systems: putting analytics and big data in cloud","volume":"55","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b7","unstructured":"Desrochers, A.\n           and Al-Jaar, R. (1995),                   Applications of Petri Nets in Manufacturing Systems: Modeling Control and Performance Analysis                , IEEE Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X.L.\n           and Srivastava, D. (2013), \u201cBig data integration\u201d, IEEE 29th Internation Conference on Data Engineering, Brisbane, pp. 1245-1248.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2013.6544914"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072819432725100_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-02-2013-0062","article-title":"Application of agent technology for recycling-oriented product assessment","volume":"113","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b10","unstructured":"Fernandez, R.C.\n          , Pietzuch, P., Koshy, J., Kreps, J., Lin, D., Narkhede, N., Rao, J., Riccomini, C. and Wang, G. (2015), \u201cLiquid: unifying nearline and offline big data integration\u201d, 7th Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research, Monterey, Asilomar, CA, January 4-7."},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glenn, J.C.\n           (2015), \u201cCollective\u2008 intelligence systems and an application by the millennium project for the egyptian academy of scientific research and technology\u201d,                   Technological Forecasting and Social Change                , Vol. 97, August, pp. 7-14.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.10.010"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025072819432725100_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/1536616.1536632","article-title":"The pathologies of big data","volume":"52","author":"","year":"2009","journal-title":"Communications of The ACM"},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b13","unstructured":"Khazaei, T.\n           and Lu, X. (2014), \u201cCollective intelligence in massive online dialogues\u201d, Cornell University Library, available at: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1406.7561 (accessed June 29, 2014)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072819432725100_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v36i1.2565","article-title":"Exploiting semantics for big data intergration","volume":"36","author":"","year":"2015","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025072819432725100_b15","first-page":"486","article-title":"Performance modeling and evaluation of distributed component-based systems using queuing petri nets","volume":"32","author":"","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"2025072819432725100_b16","first-page":"468","article-title":"Process and data fragmentation-oriented enterprise network integration with collaboration modelling and collaboration agents","volume":"9","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Enterprise Information Systems"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025072819432725100_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-04-2015-0150","article-title":"Multi-component manufacturing system maintenance scheduling based on degradation information using generic algorithm","volume":"115","author":"","year":"2015","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systmes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072819432725100_b18","first-page":"120","article-title":"Modeling agent-based Semantic web services with Petri Nets","volume":"17","author":"","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of System Simulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072819432725100_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2007.909552","article-title":"Formal modeling and analysis of a secure mobile-agent system","volume":"38","author":"","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A: Systems and Humans"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072819432725100_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2012.50","article-title":"From databases to big data","volume":"16","author":"","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE, Intenet Computing"},{"issue":"7453","key":"2025072819432725100_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/498255a","article-title":"Biology: the big challenges of big data","volume":"498","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072819432725100_b22","first-page":"57","article-title":"From data to decisions: a value chain for big data","volume":"15","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minns, P.\n           and Elliott, I. (2008),                   FSM-Based                \u2008                  Digital Design Using Verilog HDL: Introduction to Petri Nets                , John Wiley & Sons Inc., London. doi: 10.1002\/9780470987629.ch10.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470987629"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072819432725100_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1109\/5.24143","article-title":"Petri Nets: properties, analysis and applications","volume":"77","author":"","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nematzadeh, H.\n          , Motameni, H., Mohamad, R. and Nematzadeh, Z. (2014), \u201cQoS measurement of workflow-based web service compositions using colored Petri Net\u201d,                   The Scientific World Journal                , Vol. 2014, Article ID 847930, 14pp. doi: 10.1155\/2014\/847930.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/847930"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072819432725100_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2013.39","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and big data","volume":"28","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072819432725100_b27","article-title":"Phrase detectives: utilizing collective intelligence for internet-scale language resource creation","volume":"3","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b28","unstructured":"Raden, N.\n           (2012), \u201cBig data analytics architecture\u201d, technique report, Hired Brains, Inc., available at: www.bigdatainsightgroup.com\/site\/sites\/default\/files\/Teradata\u2019s%20-%20Big%20Data%20Architecture%20-%20Putting%20all%20your%20eggs%20in%20one%20basket.pdf (accessed July 29, 2015)."},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reisig, W.\n          , Rozenberg, G., Science, S. and Media, B. (1998),                   Lectures on Petri Nets I: Basic Models: Advances in Petri Nets                , Springer, Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-65306-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072819432725100_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.08.006","article-title":"On model design for simulation of collective intelligence","volume":"180","author":"","year":"2010","journal-title":"Information Science"},{"issue":"December","key":"2025072819432725100_b152","first-page":"25","article-title":"Active data: a programming model to manage data life cycle across heterogeneous systems and infrastructures","volume":"53","author":"","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072819432725100_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2013.162","article-title":"Clouds for scalable big data analytics","volume":"46","author":"","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072819432725100_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1145\/504729.504733","article-title":"Intelligent agents and financial risk monitoring systems","volume":"45","author":"","year":"2002","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072819432725100_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i2000-00208-x","article-title":"Collective intelligence for control of distributed dynamical systems","volume":"49","author":"","year":"2000","journal-title":"Europhysics Letters"},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b34","unstructured":"Wooldridge, M.J.\n           (2009),                   An Introduction to Multi-Agnet Systems                , John Wiley & Sons, BaffinsLane, Chichester."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025072819432725100_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540500362138","article-title":"Methodology for supply chain disruption analysis","volume":"45","author":"","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"2025072819432725100_b36","unstructured":"Xu, H.\n           and Shatz, S.M. (2001), \u201cAn agent-based petri net model with application to seller\/buyer design in electronic commerce\u201d, Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems IEEE, Dallas, TX, pp. 11-18."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072819432725100_b37","first-page":"102","article-title":"Study on a QoS-aware and color petri net based webs service dynamic composition","volume":"28","author":"","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computer Applications and Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072819432725100_b38","first-page":"162","article-title":"Integrating production planning and maintenance: an iterative method","volume":"144","author":"","year":"2014","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/IMDS-03-2015-0086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IMDS-03-2015-0086\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article-pdf\/115\/9\/1666\/1188464\/imds-03-2015-0086.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article-pdf\/115\/9\/1666\/1188464\/imds-03-2015-0086.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T23:43:38Z","timestamp":1753746218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/115\/9\/1666\/175192\/On-the-model-design-of-integrated-intelligent-big"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dr","family":"Xiaojun Wang, Professor Leroy White and Professor Xu Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/imds-03-2015-0086","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577","1758-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5577","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5783","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]}}}