{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T21:59:10Z","timestamp":1775685550679,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IMDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to examine pre-entry resources and capabilities (R&amp;Cs) of <jats:italic>de alio<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> entrants in an emerging industry. Then, the authors investigate how entrants modify their firm boundaries, after entering a new industry, to acquire the R&amp;Cs deemed critical to be competitive and survive in the industry.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The analysis uses the global biofuel industry as a case study. The authors use multiple sets of data, including primary data collected from semi-structured interviews with industry stakeholders and experts across major biofuel-producing countries as well as quantitative data from industry reports.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Firms typically deploy two successive strategies in order to survive and grow. First, they extend vertical boundaries to capitalize on their own pre-entry R&amp;Cs. Then they move quickly to acquire new R&amp;Cs, which are classified as critical in the value chain of the industry. A new taxonomy of pre-entry R&amp;Cs is proposed to distinguish critical and non-critical forms of R&amp;Cs, and to reflect the ease of acquisition of any requisite R&amp;Cs, which are context specific. These strategic moves lead to the bi-directional vertical integration observed in the biofuel industry.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Managers need to be able to assess the opportunities for entry and subsequent strategies to be competitive by assessing their R&amp;Cs in terms of criticality and ease of acquisition in their entry decision making.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A new taxonomy of R&amp;Cs of the firm is proposed which has theoretical significance and practical implications for new entrants.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-04-2019-0258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T09:36:49Z","timestamp":1570527409000},"page":"1888-1907","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["\u201cDominance by birthright\u201d? Reconfiguration of firm boundaries to acquire new resources and capabilities"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-9763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Hooi","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, R. and Moeen, M. (2016), \u201cEntrepreneurial startups (de novo), diversifying entrants (de alio) and incumbent firms\u201d, in Augier, M. and Teece, D. (Eds), Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, Palgrave Macmillan, London.","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-349-94848-2_81-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250140105","article-title":"Strategic assets and organizational rent","volume":"14","year":"1993","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.21.080195.001245","article-title":"Modeling internal organizational change","volume":"21","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700108","article-title":"Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage","volume":"17","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtn025","article-title":"Market selection along the firm life cycle","volume":"17","year":"2008","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref006","volume-title":"BP Statistical Review of World Energy","author":"BP","year":"2018","edition":"67th ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11151-007-9132-1","article-title":"Evolution on the shoulders of giants: entrepreneurship and firm survival in the German laser industry","volume":"30","year":"2007","journal-title":"Review of Industrial Organization"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref008","first-page":"92","article-title":"Is vertical integration profitable","volume":"61","year":"1983","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"issue":"S1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref009","first-page":"117","article-title":"The fates of de novo and de alio producers in the American automobile industry 1885-1981","volume":"17","year":"1996","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref010","first-page":"252","article-title":"Growing pains: pre-entry experience and the challenge of transition to incumbency","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-02-2017-0054","article-title":"Achieve a low carbon supply chain through product mix","volume":"117","year":"2017","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref075","first-page":"386","article-title":"The nature of the firm","volume":"4","year":"1937","journal-title":"Economica"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2016.1244333","article-title":"Entry, growth and survival in the green industry","volume":"51","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regional Studies"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref013","volume-title":"International Energy Statistics","author":"EIA","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1989.4279003","article-title":"Agency theory: an assessment and review","volume":"14","year":"1989","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.emr.1500039","article-title":"Closing resource gaps: toward a resource-based theory of advantageous mergers and acquisitions","volume":"2","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Management Review"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2007.09.023","article-title":"Market pioneers, late movers, and the resource-based view (RBV): a conceptual model","volume":"61","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"16","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref017","article-title":"World ethanol and biofuels report","volume":"10","author":"F.O. Licht","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref018","unstructured":"GAIN (2012), \u201cBrazil biofuels annual report BR12012\u201d, Department of Agriculture, Global Agriculture Information Network Report, Washington, DC."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2009.36982618","article-title":"Performance differentials between diversifying entrants and entrepreneurial start-ups","volume":"34","year":"2009","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.01.022","article-title":"Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective","volume":"39","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/09692290500049805","article-title":"The governance of global value chains: an analytic framework","volume":"12","year":"2005","journal-title":"Review of International Political Economy"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7187(95)00498-X","article-title":"What do we know about entry?","volume":"13","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Industrial Organization"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref023","volume-title":"Trading Down: Africa, Value Chains, and the Global Economy","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrp.2015.12.006","article-title":"The role of industry dynamics in the persistence of first mover advantages","volume":"49","year":"2016","journal-title":"Long Range Planning"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref025","volume-title":"Competing for the Future","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2307\/2393533","article-title":"Between a rock and a hard place: organizational change and performance under conditions of fundamental environmental transformation","volume":"37","year":"1992","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtv027","article-title":"Vertical firm structure and industry evolution","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"Industry and Corporate Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2015.1045","article-title":"Integrative capabilities, vertical integration, and innovation over successive technology lifecycles","volume":"27","year":"2016","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/11.4.725","article-title":"The birth of capabilities: market entry and importance of pre-history","volume":"11","year":"2002","journal-title":"Industry and Corporate Change"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.332","article-title":"The dynamic resource-based view: capability lifecycles","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref031","volume-title":"Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook","year":"1994","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IEA (2011), \u201cTechnology roadmap: biofuels for transport\u201d, International Energy Agency, Paris, doi: 10.1787\/9789264118461-en.","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264118461-en"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2005.17407912","article-title":"Industry change through vertical disintegration: how and why markets emerged in mortgage banking","volume":"48","year":"2005","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1057\/emr.2009.26","article-title":"Strategic dynamics in industry architectures and the challenges of knowledge integration","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.3.3.383","article-title":"Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology","volume":"3","year":"1992","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1120.0802","article-title":"Persistence of integration in the face of specialization: how firms navigated the winds of disintegration and shaped the architecture of the semiconductor industry","volume":"24","year":"2013","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref036","first-page":"543","article-title":"Dynamics of industry consolidation and sustainable competitive strategy: is birthright irrevocable?","volume":"9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Long Range Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.48.2.171.253","article-title":"Incumbent entry into new market niches: the role of experience and managerial choice in the creation of dynamic capabilities","volume":"48","year":"2002","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/11.4.645","article-title":"The capabilities of new firms and the evolution of the US automobile industry","volume":"11","year":"2002","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref039","first-page":"37","article-title":"Firm survival and the evolution of oligopoly","volume":"33","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Economic"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0266(200010\/11)21:10\/11<997::AID-SMJ134>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Dominance by birthright: entry of prior radio producers and competitive ramifications in the US Television Receiver Industry","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1050.0411","article-title":"Entry by spinoffs","volume":"51","year":"2005","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2197","article-title":"Hidden but in plain sight: the role of scale adjustment in industry dynamics","volume":"35","year":"2014","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref043","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Industrial policy and the creation of new industries: evidence from Brazil\u2019s bioethanol industry","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"issue":"10","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2642","article-title":"Entry into nascent industries: disentangling a firm\u2019s capability portfolio at the time of investment versus market entry","volume":"38","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref045","volume-title":"An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change","year":"1982"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref046","volume-title":"The Theory of the Growth of the Firm","year":"1959"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref047","unstructured":"Perry, M.K. (1988), \u201cVertical integration\u201d, in Schmalensee, R. and Wilig, R.D. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Vol. 1, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 183-255."},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref048","unstructured":"POET (2013), \u201cPOET history\u201d, available at: http:\/\/poet.com\/history (accessed January 30, 2013)."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1110.0682","article-title":"Configuration of value chain activities: the effect of pre-entry capabilities transaction hazards, and industry evolution on decisions to internalize","volume":"23","year":"2012","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref050","volume-title":"Our Energy Generates a Better Future","author":"Raizen","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref051","unstructured":"RFA (2013), \u201cGlobal ethanol production statistics\u201d, Renewable Fuels Association, Washington, DC,available at: www.ethanolrfa.org\/resources\/industry\/statistics\/#1454098996479-8715d404-e546 (accessed October 1, 2016)."},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref052","volume-title":"Annual Industry Outlook","author":"RFA","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref053","unstructured":"Riordan, M.H. (2008), \u201cCompetitive effects of vertical integration\u201d, in Buccirossi, P. (Ed.), Handbook of Antitrust Economics, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, p. 145."},{"issue":"6","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtr026","article-title":"Founder backgrounds and the evolution of firm size","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"issue":"13","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.11.013","article-title":"Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks","volume":"99","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref056","first-page":"91","article-title":"Prior knowledge, potential financial reward, and opportunity identification","volume":"29","year":"2004","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2008.27752850","article-title":"First movers and performance: timing is everything","volume":"33","year":"2008","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1086\/257075","article-title":"The division of labor is limited by the extent of the market","volume":"59","year":"1951","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref059","volume-title":"Vertical Integration and Joint Ventures in the Aluminum Industry","year":"1983"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/3.3.537-a","article-title":"The dynamic capabilities of firms: an introduction","volume":"3","year":"1994","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Dynamic capabilities and strategic management","volume":"18","year":"1997","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1162\/0034653053327531","article-title":"Selection and firm survival: evidence from the shipbuilding industry, 1825-1914","volume":"87","year":"2005","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref063","unstructured":"UNICA (2010), \u201cQuotes and stats\u201d, available at: http:\/\/english.unica.com.br\/dadosCotacao\/estatistica\/ (accessed March 20, 2012)."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2015.1080","article-title":"A competence-based view of industry evolution: the impact of submarket convergence on incumbent-entrant dynamics","volume":"61","year":"2018","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0021886303039001001","article-title":"Nurturing collaborative relation: building trust in interorganizational collaboration","volume":"39","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Behavioral Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref066","first-page":"335","article-title":"When do first entrants become first survivors?","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Long Range Planning"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1108\/JMH-02-2014-0017","article-title":"The US brewing industry, strategic windows and survival","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Management History"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1108\/JMH-03-2015-0022","article-title":"Early entry, capabilities and shakeout in the US brewing industry","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Management History"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250050207","article-title":"A resource-based view of the firm","volume":"5","year":"1984","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2008.01.011","article-title":"Biofuel support policies in Europe: lessons learnt for the long way ahead","volume":"13","year":"2009","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref071","volume-title":"Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications","year":"1975"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref072","volume-title":"The Economic Institutions of Capitalism","year":"1985"},{"key":"key2019110610300353200_ref073","volume-title":"The Mechanisms of Governance","year":"1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2019110610300353200_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-09-2017-0429","article-title":"Managing bioethanol supply chain resiliency: a risk-sharing model to mitigate yield uncertainty risk","volume":"118","year":"2018","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IMDS-04-2019-0258\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IMDS-04-2019-0258\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:51:55Z","timestamp":1753393915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/119\/9\/1888-1907\/179163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/IMDS-04-2019-0258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/imds-04-2019-0258","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]}}}