{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T14:09:30Z","timestamp":1768399770760,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 An increasing amount of attention is being paid to three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The technology itself is based on diverse technologies such as laser beams and materials. Hence, 3D printing technology is a converging technology that produces 3D objects using a 3D printer. To become technologically competitive, many companies and nations are developing technologies for 3D printing. So to know its technological evolution is meaningful for developing 3D printing in the future. The paper aims to discuss these issues. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 To get technological competitiveness of 3D printing, the authors should know the most important and essential technology for 3D printing. An understanding of the technological evolution of 3D printing is needed to forecast its future technologies and build the R\n\t\t\t\t\t&amp;\n\t\t\t\tD planning needed for 3D printing. In this paper, the authors propose a methodology to analyze the technological evolution of 3D printing. The authors analyze entire patent documents related to 3D printing to construct a technological evolution model. The authors use the statistical methods such as time series regression, association analysis based on graph theory, and principal component analysis for patent analysis of 3D printing technology. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 Using the proposed methodology, the authors show the technological analysis results of 3D printing and predict its future aspects. Though many and diverse technologies are developed and involved in 3D printing, the authors know only a few technologies take lead the technological evolution of 3D printing. In this paper, the authors find this evolution of technology management for 3D printing. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 If not all, most people would agree that 3D printing technology is one of the leading technologies to improve the quality of life. So, many companies have developed a number of technologies if they were related to 3D printing. But, most of them have not been considered practical. These were not effective research and development for 3D printing technology. In the study, the authors serve a methodology to select the specific technologies for practical used of 3D printing. <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p> \u2013 Diverse predictions for 3D printing technology have been introduced in many academic and industrial fields. Most of them were made by subjective approaches depended on the knowledge and experience of the experts concerning 3D printing technology. So, they could be fluctuated according to the congregated expert groups, and be unstable for efficient R\n\t\t\t\t\t&amp;\n\t\t\t\tD planning. To solve this problem, the authors study on more objective approach to predict the future state of 3D printing by analyzing the patent data of the developed results so far achieved. The contribution of this research is to take a new departure for understanding 3D printing technology using objective and quantitative methods.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/imds-05-2015-0206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T07:49:43Z","timestamp":1452152983000},"page":"122-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Methodology of technological evolution for three-dimensional printing"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Sangsung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juhwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hongchul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dongsik","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sunghae","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020121804294151600_b1","unstructured":"Bowerman, B.L.\n               , \n                  O\u2019Connell, R.T.\n                and \n                  Koehler, A.B.\n                (2005), \n                  Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression, An Applied Approach\n               , Brooks\/Cole, Independence, KY."},{"key":"key2020121804294151600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breitzman, A.F.\n                and \n                  Mogee, M.E.\n                (2002), \u201cThe many applications of patent analysis\u201d, \n                  Journal of Information Science\n               , Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 187-205.","DOI":"10.1177\/016555150202800302"},{"key":"key2020121804294151600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butts, C.T.\n                (2008), \u201cSocial network analysis with SNA\u201d, \n                  Journal of Statistical Software\n               , Vol. 24 No. 6, pp. 1-51.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v024.i06"},{"key":"key2020121804294151600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cobo, M.J.\n               , \n                  L\u00f3pez-Herrera, A.G.\n               , \n                  Herrera-Viedma, E.\n                and \n                  Herrera, F.\n                (2011), \u201cAn approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: a practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field\u201d, \n                  Journal of Informetrics\n               , Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 146-166.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2010.10.002"},{"key":"key2020121804294151600_b4","unstructured":"Csardi, G.\n                (2014), \u201cPackage \u2018igraph\u2019\u201d, available at: http:\/\/igraph.org (accessed November 1, 2014)."},{"key":"key2020121804294151600_b6","unstructured":"Dimitrov, D.\n               , \n                  Schreve, K.\n                and \n                  De Beer, N.\n                (2006), \u201cAdvances in three dimensional printing \u2013 state of the art and future perspectives\u201d, \n                  Journal for New Generation Sciences\n               , Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 21-49."},{"key":"key2020121804294151600_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dou, H.\n                (2004), \u201cBenchmarking R\n\t\t\t\t\t&\n\t\t\t\tD and companies through patent analysis using free databases and special software: a tool to improve innovative thinking\u201d, \n                  World Patent Information\n               , Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 297-309.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wpi.2004.03.001"},{"key":"key2020121804294151600_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dou, H.\n               , \n                  Leveill\u00e9, V.\n               , \n                  Manullang, S.\n                and \n                  Dou, J.M. 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